Intelligence & working memory Flashcards
Who found that having high WM span can lead to better reading comprehension?
Daneman & Carpenter (1980)
Adams & Hitch (1997) found that having a high WM span can lead to better…
…listening comprehension & problem-solving abilities
Who found that having high WM span can improve your ability to learn vocabulary?
Daneman & Green (1986)
Engle, Carullo & Collins (1991) found that having a high WM span can improve your ability to…
…follow directions
Who found that having high WM span can improve your ability to learn logic?
Kyllonen & Stephens (1990)
To test the idea of ‘knowledge is power’, we can compare pps…
…performance on a cognitive task (CP, cognitive performance) & how much they already know (DK, domain knowledge)
Pps have a low level of domain knowledge. How will the performance of pps with a low WM span & high WM span compare?
Pps with a high WM span will have higher cognitive performances than pps with a low WM span.
Pps listened to a passage about a baseball game. There were 3 groups WM span & DK - high, average, low
Who did this study & what did they find?
Hambrick & Engle (2002)
Pps with more DK did better on the memory task than pps with less DK
Pps with high WM span did better than pps with low WM, even if they all had the same level of DK
What did Hambrick & Engle (2002) conclude from their baseball study?
WM capacity has a positive effect on memory performance and DK doesn’t attenuate this effect
The lines on the graph remained parallel –> knowledge is not power (universal effect)
Brain regions active in pps with high WM span when the orientation of 2 coloured bars were compared in the presence of 2 distractors was similar to the brain areas active in pps with low WM span when no distractors were present.
Who found this & what does this imply?
Vogel, McCollough & Machizawa (2005)
Pps with high WM are able to ignore distractors, the brain activates as if the distractors do not exist
Who can remove irrelevant distractors from the display faster - people with low/high WM?
People with high WM can remove irrelevant distractors from the display faster than people with low WM
What ability is associated with intelligence?
Speed of processing
Why are IQ tests frequently recalibrated?
They get easier for each generation - each gen. gets more intelligent (= Flynn effect) because of better nutrition, education, etc.
What does the verbal scale on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale measure?
- information
- comprehension
- arithmetic
- similarities
- digit span
- vocabulary
What does Comprehension measure on the WAIS measure?
A person’s understanding of social conventions
A person’s ability to evaluate their past experiences