Intelligence and Psychological Testing Flashcards
What is intelligence?
Originally defined as the ability to discern true or important information from false or unimportant information; the ability to solve novel problems and learn from experience
What is the self-enhancement bias?
Tendency to judge one’s performance as better than average without any evidence of special expertise or training
What is practical wisdom?
Application of knowledge and reasoning
What is theoretical wisdom?
Understanding objective truth; science
What are the 7 primary mental abilities?
Space, verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, perceptual speed, role memory, reasoning
What is the factor analysis in the nature of intelligence?
A statistical technique used to reduce a large number of measures to a smaller number of clusters or factors
What is the Flynn effect and what are the 3 factors of this effect?
Intelligence quotients seem to increase over time most likely due to a combination of factors:
1) Overall improvement in nutrition and medical care
2) Improvements in Edmonton
3) Increased environmental complexity via technology
What is the data-based approach in middle-level abilities?
Connect intelligence test scores to clusters
What is the theory-based approach to middle-level abilities?
Look at human abilities that we think relate to aspects of intelligence; figure out which intelligence tests measure those abilities or design new ones that can if they don’t exist
What is analytic intelligence?
Ability to problem-solve
What is creative intelligence?
Ability to generate novel solutions using existing skills and information
What is practical intelligence?
Ability to adapt to everyday changes
What is crystallized intelligence?
Applying previously learned knowledge to current problems
What is fluid intelligence?
Deals with novel situations without any previous knowledge
What is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?
A philosophically oriented ability to ponder about the meanings of one’s existence, life and death
What are the 8 relatively independent intelligences?
Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Visuospatial, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalistic
What are the 5 abilities that define emotional intelligence?
1) Read others’ emotions accurately
2) To respond to them appropriately
3) To motivate oneself
4) To be aware of one’s new emotions
5) To regulate and control one’s emotional responses
What are the psychometric standards and tests?
Methods for measuring individual differences related to some psychological concept; Achievement tests are designed to discover how much someone knows; Aptitude tests are designed to measure potential for future learning and performance
What does the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) entail?
Includes specific tasks to measure each branch - perceiving emotions is measured by people’s accuracy in judging emotional expressions in facial photographs and the emotional tones conveyed by different designs
Non-Genetic Component: What is the difference between a shared environment and a non-shared environment?
In a shared environment, those environmental factors that all relevant members of a household experience. In a non-shared environment, those environmental factors that all relevant members of a household do not experience
Heredity: What is predisposed in natural selection?
Those whose genes endow them with more adaptive traits are more likely to survive and produce
Heredity: What is predisposed to heritability?
A percentage of the variation in a characteristic attributed to genetic factors
What did females test better on in cognitive abilities?
Verbal fluency, perceptual speed, mathematical calculation, and fine motor connection
What did males test better on in cognitive abilities?
Spatial tasks, throwing and catching objects, and mathematical reasoning
