Ch. 16 - Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What is the goal of the treatment?
Help change maladaptive thoughts, feelings, behaviours
What are the different types of resources for treatment processes?
- Psychologists & psychiatrists
- Psychatric social workers
- Marriage & family counsellors
- Pastoral counsellors
- Abuse counsellor
What are the three treatment types?
- Insight Therapies (talk)
- Behaviour Therapies (changing overt behaviour)
- Biomedical Therapies (biological functioning interventions)
What is the goal and insight in psychoanalysis?
Goal: help patients achieve insight
Insight = conscious awareness of psychodynamics underlying problems learned in childhood
What is the free association in a psychoanalysis?
- Uncensored conversation
- Verbal reports of thoughts, feelings, or images that enter awareness without cencorship
What is dream interpretation in a psychoanalysis?
Therapist helps client understand the symbolic meaning of their dreams
What is resistance in psychoanalysis?
- Defensive maneuvers that hinder process of therapy
- Sign that anxiety-arousing material is being approached
What is transference in a psychoanalysis?
- Client responds irrationally to therapist like he/she was important figure from client’s past
- Brings out repressed feelings and maladaptive behaviours
What are the two types of transference in psychoanalysis?
Positive: feelings of affection, dependency, love
Negative: irrational expressions of anger, hatred, disappointment
What is interpretation in psychoanalysis?
- Statements by the therapist which provides the client with insight into behaviour
- Time consuming as client must arrive at ‘insight’
What is the Brief Psychodynamic Therapies?
An evidence-based treatment that focuses on inducing behavioral alterations in patients through gaining insight into the patterns of their past adverse experiences
What are the focuses of humanistic psychotherapies?
- Conscious control of behaviour
- Personal responsibility
- Disordered behaviour (function of distorted perceptions, lack of awareness, negative self-image)
Accepting clients without judgement or evaluation is defined as:
Unconditional positive regard
Viewing the rules through the clients eyes is defined as:
Empathy
Consistency between therapist’s feelings & behaviours is defined as:
Genuinesness
What is the goal in gestalt therapy?
Bring feelings, wishes, and thoughts into awareness (make the client “whole” again
What are the different methods in gestalt therapy?
- Often carried out in groups
- More active and dramatic appraoches than client-centered appraoches
- Role-play
What is the focus in cognitive therapies?
- Role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns
- Help clients discover & change cognitions that underlie problems
What are the characteristics of rational emotive therapy?
- Activating event
- Belief system
- Concequences
- Disputing or challenging maladaptive emotions, behaviours
What is Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?
Irrational beliefs
- Ideas underlie maladptive response
- Point out errors of thinking
- Help clients identify & reprogram “automated” thought patterns
What about maladaptive behaviours are important in behavioural therapies?
That maladaptive behaviours are the problem - not a symptom
TorF: Problem behaviours are learned not hereditary
True
What is systematic desensitization?
Used to treat extreme aversions through a combination of graded exposure and relaxation
What are the steps to systemic desensitization?
- Train muscle relaxation skills (anxiety & relaxation cannot co-exist)
- Stimulus heirarchy (low-anxiety to high-anxiety scenes)
- Relaxation & progressive association with stimulus hierarchy
What is In-Vivo desensitization?
A technique used in behavior therapy, usually to reduce or eliminate phobias, in which the client is exposed to stimuli that induce anxiety.
What is aversion therapy?
Psychotherapy designed to cause a patient to reduce or avoid an undesirable behaviour pattern by conditioning the person to associate the behaviour with an undesirable stimulus
What is behaviour modification?
A psychotherapeutic intervention primarily used to eliminate or reduce maladaptive behavior in children or adults
What is token economics?
- System for strengthening desired behaviours through application of positive reinforcement
- Tokens are given for desirable behaviours
What is the goal for token economics?
- Achieve desired behaviours with reinforcers
- Become reinforced with social reinforcers & self-reinforcement processes
What are the difficulties of evaluating psychotherapies?
- Many variables not controlled
- Therapist-client interactions varied
- Measuring therapeutic effects
- Who measures the outcomes
What is spontaneous remission?
Symptom reduction in absence of treatment was as high as success rate reported by therapist
What are the functions of Tricyclics and anitdepressant drug?
- Increases activity of norepinephrine and serotonin
- Prevent reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters
What are the functions of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
- Increase activity of norepinephrine & serotonin
- Monamine oxidase breaksdown neurotransmitters
What are the functions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
- Block reuptake of serotonin
- Milder side effects than other antidepressants
- Reduce depressive symptoms more rapidly
What are the functions of antipsychotic drugs?
- Decrease action of dopamine
- Reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- Little effect on negative symptoms
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Severe movement disorder
What are the types of psychosurgery?
- Removal of parts of the brain
- Lobotomy
- Cingulotomy: cuts fibres that connect frontal lobes and limbic system
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation?
- Permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activety in a specific area of the brain
What does situation-focused prevention consist of?
- The reduction or elimination of environmental causes of disorders
- Enhancing the situational factors that prevent disorders
