Ch. 16 - Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

What is the goal of the treatment?

Answer 1

Help change maladaptive thoughts, feelings, behaviours

Question 2

What are the different types of resources for treatment processes?

Answer 2

• Psychologists & psychiatrists
• Psychatric social workers
• Marriage & family counsellors
• Pastoral counsellors
• Abuse counsellor

Question 3

What are the three treatment types?

Answer 3

• Insight Therapies (talk)
• Behaviour Therapies (changing overt behaviour)
• Biomedical Therapies (biological functioning interventions)

Question 4

What is the goal and insight in psychoanalysis?

Answer 4

Goal: help patients achieve insight
Insight = conscious awareness of psychodynamics underlying problems learned in childhood

Question 5

What is the free association in a psychoanalysis?

Answer 5

• Uncensored conversation
• Verbal reports of thoughts, feelings, or images that enter awareness without cencorship

Question 6

What is dream interpretation in a psychoanalysis?

Answer 6

Therapist helps client understand the symbolic meaning of their dreams

Question 7

What is resistance in psychoanalysis?

Answer 7

• Defensive maneuvers that hinder process of therapy
• Sign that anxiety-arousing material is being approached

Question 8

What is transference in a psychoanalysis?

Answer 8

• Client responds irrationally to therapist like he/she was important figure from client’s past
• Brings out repressed feelings and maladaptive behaviours

Question 9

What are the two types of transference in psychoanalysis?

Answer 9

Positive: feelings of affection, dependency, love
Negative: irrational expressions of anger, hatred, disappointment

Question 10

What is interpretation in psychoanalysis?

Answer 10

• Statements by the therapist which provides the client with insight into behaviour
• Time consuming as client must arrive at ‘insight’

Question 11

What is the Brief Psychodynamic Therapies?

Answer 11

An evidence-based treatment that focuses on inducing behavioral alterations in patients through gaining insight into the patterns of their past adverse experiences

Question 12

What are the focuses of humanistic psychotherapies?

Answer 12

• Conscious control of behaviour
• Personal responsibility
• Disordered behaviour (function of distorted perceptions, lack of awareness, negative self-image)

Question 13

Accepting clients without judgement or evaluation is defined as:

Answer 13

Unconditional positive regard

Question 14

Viewing the rules through the clients eyes is defined as:

Answer 14

Empathy

Question 15

Consistency between therapist’s feelings & behaviours is defined as:

Answer 15

Genuinesness

Question 16

What is the goal in gestalt therapy?

Answer 16

Bring feelings, wishes, and thoughts into awareness (make the client “whole” again

Question 17

What are the different methods in gestalt therapy?

Answer 17

• Often carried out in groups
• More active and dramatic appraoches than client-centered appraoches
• Role-play

Question 18

What is the focus in cognitive therapies?

Answer 18

• Role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns
• Help clients discover & change cognitions that underlie problems

Question 19

What are the characteristics of rational emotive therapy?

Answer 19

• Activating event
• Belief system
• Concequences
• Disputing or challenging maladaptive emotions, behaviours

Question 20

What is Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?

Answer 20

Irrational beliefs
- Ideas underlie maladptive response
- Point out errors of thinking
- Help clients identify & reprogram “automated” thought patterns

Question 21

What about maladaptive behaviours are important in behavioural therapies?

Answer 21

That maladaptive behaviours are the problem - not a symptom

Question 22

TorF: Problem behaviours are learned not hereditary

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 23

Used to treat extreme aversions through a combination of graded exposure and relaxation

Question 24

What are the steps to systemic desensitization?

Answer 24

• Train muscle relaxation skills (anxiety & relaxation cannot co-exist)
• Stimulus heirarchy (low-anxiety to high-anxiety scenes)
• Relaxation & progressive association with stimulus hierarchy

Question 25

What is In-Vivo desensitization?

Answer 25

A technique used in behavior therapy, usually to reduce or eliminate phobias, in which the client is exposed to stimuli that induce anxiety.

Question 26

What is aversion therapy?

Answer 26

Psychotherapy designed to cause a patient to reduce or avoid an undesirable behaviour pattern by conditioning the person to associate the behaviour with an undesirable stimulus

Question 27

What is behaviour modification?

Answer 27

A psychotherapeutic intervention primarily used to eliminate or reduce maladaptive behavior in children or adults

Question 28

What is token economics?

Answer 28

• System for strengthening desired behaviours through application of positive reinforcement
• Tokens are given for desirable behaviours

Question 29

What is the goal for token economics?

Answer 29

• Achieve desired behaviours with reinforcers
• Become reinforced with social reinforcers & self-reinforcement processes

Question 30

What are the difficulties of evaluating psychotherapies?

Answer 30

• Many variables not controlled
• Therapist-client interactions varied
• Measuring therapeutic effects
• Who measures the outcomes

Question 31

What is spontaneous remission?

Answer 31

Symptom reduction in absence of treatment was as high as success rate reported by therapist

Question 32

What are the functions of Tricyclics and anitdepressant drug?

Answer 32

• Increases activity of norepinephrine and serotonin
• Prevent reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 33

What are the functions of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Answer 33

• Increase activity of norepinephrine & serotonin
• Monamine oxidase breaksdown neurotransmitters

Question 34

What are the functions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

Answer 34

• Block reuptake of serotonin
• Milder side effects than other antidepressants
• Reduce depressive symptoms more rapidly

Question 35

What are the functions of antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 35

• Decrease action of dopamine
• Reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia
• Little effect on negative symptoms

Question 36

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 36

Severe movement disorder

Question 37

What are the types of psychosurgery?

Answer 37

• Removal of parts of the brain
• Lobotomy
• Cingulotomy: cuts fibres that connect frontal lobes and limbic system

Question 38

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation?

Answer 38

• Permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activety in a specific area of the brain

Question 39

What does situation-focused prevention consist of?

Answer 39

• The reduction or elimination of environmental causes of disorders
• Enhancing the situational factors that prevent disorders