Intelligence and Language Development Flashcards
The Flynn Effect (2)
- widespread increases in IQ over time
- increased 3 points per decade over last hundred years/total increase of 30IQ points, but average remains around 100 due to revisions to accommodate new complexities of world
Cause of Flynn Effect (2)
- increase in fluid IQ due to more access to education (graduation from high school)
- experience of more challenging socio-environmental issues (technology)
Group and Contextual Differences in IQ: Low SES (2)
- accounts for many ethnic differences in IQ as ethnic minorities are commonly living in low SES conditions
- differences based on SES are not inborn: infants in low SES environments do not show any differences on measurements that can predict intelligence compared to high SES infants; differences come from growing up
How does Low SES Contribute to Lower IQ?
- contribute to IQ through differences: culture, poor nutrition, poor living conditions, poor school resources, less intellectual stimulation, and poor life circumstances
Habituation
- one way we can measure and predict intelligence
Five Basic Components Underlying Language: Phenology (2)
- knowledge of sounds used in a given language
- learning how to detect, discriminate, and produce speech sounds
Five Basic Components Underlying Language: Morphology (3)
- understanding ways sounds can be combined to form words
- sticking consonant and vowel sounds together (“d- + a = da”)
- infants learn that sounds can be combined in meaningful ways
Five Basic Components Underlying Language: Semantics (2)
- meaning or context of words and sentences
- growing vocabulary signals increase semantic knowledge
Five Basic Components Underlying Language: Syntax
- knowledge of structure of sentences
- rules by which words are to be combined to form sentences
Five Basic Components Underlying Language: Pragmatics
- understanding how to use language to communicate effectively
- asking questions, communicating with adults and children
Contextual Differences on Language Development: Poverty (5)
- less developed language skills
- less exposure to speech
- lower quality parent-child interactions
- increased household instability and disorder
- gets worse as children get older: word gap between children of high and low SES increases
Poverty: Less Developed Language Skills
- fewer words, smaller variety of words, produce shorter utterances/sentences, less developed syntax (tense and plurals)
Poverty: Less Exposure to Speech
- less language going on at home in general
Poverty: Lower Quality Parent-Child Interaction
- less conversations, parents talk to child less, more simplistic speech, verbal directives ( talking at them, commands) vs interaction/conversations
Poverty: Increased Household Instability
- change residences more often, caregivers come and go, cohabitation breakup, divorce
- lead to overstimulation and withdrawal from interactions