Family Formation and Diversity; Parent-Child Relationships; Sibling and Peer Relationships Flashcards
1
Q
Family Formation Changes Over Time (2)
A
- increase in cohabiting households
- unmarried parents
2
Q
Cohabiting households (3)
A
- families living together without marriage
- lower education and income individuals more likely to cohabit (ethnic minorities more commonly than caucasians)
- Quebec and 3 territories have much more cohabiting households (16% vs 40%)
3
Q
Single-Parent Families: Protective Factors in Childhood Experiences
A
- reduce conflict between parents during/after divorce
- creating secure attachments
- reducing number of transitions child experiences during divorce (residence, school district, etc)
4
Q
Lesbian/Gay Families (3)
A
- more children live with lesbian couples than gay couples (80%); less expensive
- most lesbian couples select insemination (insemination with sperm), while gay couples must adopt or have surrogacy (very expensive)
- no accidental pregnancies; well-thought out and conscious decisions to have children
5
Q
Lesbian/Gay Families: Children’s Experiences (2)
A
- no differences between heterosexual families and homosexual families
- sometimes children in homosexual families can be better off: higher academic achievement, higher social competency
6
Q
Authoritative Parents: Child Outcomes (4)
A
- high self-esteem, but socialization causes humbleness and concern for others
- learn to monitor behaviour and grow up to be leaders
- high academic achievement, reasoning abilities, empathy, and altruism; cooperative with others, mature, and consult with parents for advice
- likely to produces responsible, respectful, contributing member of society
7
Q
Authoritarian Parenting: Child Outcomes (3)
A
- lower academic achievement, lower maturity, and seem to be more dependent, passive, conforming, and less self assured
- low ability to regulate emotions, lower self-esteem, more likely to be followers than leaders
- often seek advice from internet and peers
8
Q
Permissive/Indulgent Parenting: Child Outcomes (6)
A
- spoiled children as they are not socialized; unaware of affect on others and may be selfish
- never learn to monitor behaviour as they do not have rules/limits; typically have trouble following rules
- little training in self regulation, lack impulse control
- do not become leaders, over competence and unable to see bigger picture do to self absorbed nature
- low academic achievement, mature, self-reliant, socially responsible
- typically consult peers and internet for advice
9
Q
Indifferent Parenting: Child Outcomes (3)
A
- do not feel loved and are not socialized
- low academic achievement, impulse control, peer rejection and early sexual involvement, drug and alcohol
- end up aggressive and ant-social; may realize effect on others but do not care
10
Q
Parenting: Social Class; Upper and Middle Class (3)
A
- concerted cultivation: tend to be child centred and actively assess child’s skills and abilities to enrol child in extracurricular activities
- activities provide children with social connections that further education and work experiences
- more likely to use authoritative style and include children in decision making; encourage communication between parent and child
11
Q
Parenting: Social Class; Working and Under Class (Poverty) (4)
A
- accomplishments of natural growth: tend to be parent centred; have less time and resources to cultivate extracurricular activities
- children have more free flowing time to create own activities and own pace
- more contact with secondary family, perhaps as secondary caretakers
- more likely to use authoritarian parenting style and expect children to comply; likely to talk at children, discouraging conversation
12
Q
Concerted Cultivation: PROS and CONS
A
- PROS: likely to be more successful educationally and in career
- CONS: bored easily and express themselves less creatively; fewer close relationships with extended family; more likely to have sense of entitlement
13
Q
Accomplishments of Natural Growth: PROS and CONS
A
- PROS: more creative and less bored and have closer relationships with extended family
- CONS: more likely to have job over a career; less access to social capital; more likely to have sense of constraint and limitation
14
Q
Ineffective Forms of Discipline: Physical Discipline (Spanking); Parent Description (3)
A
- parents are more likely to be young and single, experiences financial stress and daily frustrations with children and have fewer support
- mothers are more likely to be spanking as they spend more time with children than fathers
- parents believe that spanking is useful and were likely spanked as a child, although they wish to parent in another way most of the time
15
Q
Sibling Relationships: Positive Parental Contributions (3)
A
- role model close relationships between parents and siblings
- promoting cooperativeness in relationship; facilitate conflict resolution between siblings
- parents can encourage older siblings to resolve conflict on their own
