Cognitive Change and Information Processing

Question 1

Guided Participation (2)

Answer 1

• more skilled partner attuned to needs of child and helps them accomplish more than they could do alone
• talking/guiding instead of doing the task themselves

Question 2

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 2

• gap between child’s competence level (can do alone) and what they can do with assistance from a more skilled partner

Question 3

The Information Processing System: Sensory Memory and Attention (2)

Answer 3

• holds incoming sensory information in original form

- involves attention: awareness of information and is required to move information to working memory

Question 4

The Information Processing System: Working Memory/Short-Term Memory

Answer 4

• holds and processes information that is being “worked on”: manipulated, encoded, retrieved, and involved in conscious mental activity

Question 5

The Information Processing System: Central Executive (3)

Answer 5

• of working memory
• control processor that directs flow of information and regulates cognitive activities such as attention, action, and problem-solving
• essentially a director

Question 6

The Information Processing System: Executive Function (4)

Answer 6

• of working memory
• cognitive process of understanding information, making decisions, and solving problems
• essentially it carries out directions from the direction/central executive
• all thought recognition occurs here

Question 7

The Information Processing System: Long-Term Memory (2)

Answer 7

• unlimited store that holds information indefinitely

- information can be retrieved back to working memory, manipulated, and then put back into long term memory

Question 8

information Processing in Adolescence (3)

Answer 8

• capable of rational decision making except in risk-taking behaviours
• often don’t consider practicalities associated with situations when thinking about risk-taking behaviours
• often more responsive to positive feedback/encouragement; place importance on positive benefits over negative outcomes

Question 9

information Processing in Adolescence: Limbic System

Answer 9

• limbic system develops faster than prefrontal cortex, interfering with decision-making abilities
• limbic system involved in emotional arousal and reward processing
• prefrontal cortex associated with inhibitory control