Intelligence and Individual Differences Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

achievement test

A

a test designed to assess what a person has learned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cohort

A

a group of people from a given time period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

content validity

A

the extent to which a test samples the behaviour that is of interest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

crystalized intelligence

A

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Down syndrome

A

a condition of mild to severe intellectual dis- ability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

emotional intelligence

A

the ability to perceive, understand, man- age, and use emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

factor analysis

A

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of re- lated items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fluid intelligence

A

fluid intelligence our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

general intelligence

A

a general intelligence factor that, accord- ing to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

grit

A

in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

heritability

A

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intellectual disability

A

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

intelligence

A

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

intelligence quotient

A

defined originally as the ratio of men- tal age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100, with scores assigned to relative performance above or below average.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

intelligence test

A

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mental age

A

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.

17
Q

normal curve

A

(normal distribution) a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.

18
Q

predictive validity

A

the success with which a test predicts the behaviour it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behaviour. (Also called criterion-related validity.)

19
Q

reliability

A

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.

20
Q

savant syndrome

A

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in compu- tation or drawing.

21
Q

Standardization

A

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

22
Q

Stanford-Binet

A

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.

23
Q

stereotype threat

A

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

24
Q

validity

A

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. (See also content validity and predictive validity.)

25
Q

WAIS

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.