Intelligence Flashcards
Who is considered the father of differential psychology?
Sir Francis Galton.
What book did Galton write about the hereditary basis of intelligence?
‘Hereditary Genius’.
What is the concept of eugenics proposed by Galton?
A selective descent project to promote hereditary traits deemed desirable.
Who introduced the first word association test?
Sir Francis Galton.
What term did James McKeen Cattell coin?
‘Mental Test’.
What was Alfred Binet’s major contribution to psychology?
The development of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale.
What is the Binet-Simon test used for?
Identifying children with learning difficulties.
What did William Stern introduce in 1911?
The concept of Mental Age and the Intelligence Quotient (IQ).
How is IQ calculated according to Stern?
IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100.
Who revised the Binet-Simon test for use in the U.S.?
Lewis Terman.
What is Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence?
General intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s).
What statistical method did Spearman develop?
Factor analysis.
What is the main criticism of the intelligence quotient (IQ)?
It may oversimplify the complexities of human intelligence.
What did Galton believe about intelligence?
It is inherited and measurable.
What was Cattell’s view on intelligence testing?
Tests should correlate with academic success.
What was the goal of functionalism in psychology?
Understanding how consciousness helps individuals adapt to their environments.
What did Binet warn against regarding his intelligence tests?
Using them to label or limit children’s opportunities.
What are two key positions in the origin of individual differences?
Innatism and environmentalism.
What is the significance of the Stanford-Binet test?
It became a standard tool for measuring intelligence.
Who developed the first reliable intelligence scale?
Binet and Simon in 1905.
What does the concept of ‘mental imagery’ relate to?
The ability to visualize sensory information without direct stimuli.
What did Galton introduce in statistics?
Concepts of correlation and regression.
What is the median, and who introduced it?
A measure of central tendency, introduced by Francis Galton.
What did Galton’s anthropometric laboratory aim to measure?
Individual differences and intelligence.
What did Cattell argue about intelligence and education?
That intelligence tests should predict educational success.
What concept did Lewis Terman popularize?
IQ as a numerical measure of intelligence.
What book did Spearman publish in 1923?
‘The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition’.
What is the primary function of IQ tests?
Assessing intellectual potential and identifying learning needs.
Who refined the concept of mental age?
William Stern.
What is the primary focus of psychometrics?
Measuring psychological traits, including intelligence.
