Intelligence

Question 1

Who is considered the father of differential psychology?

Answer 1

Sir Francis Galton.

Question 2

What book did Galton write about the hereditary basis of intelligence?

Answer 2

‘Hereditary Genius’.

Question 3

What is the concept of eugenics proposed by Galton?

Answer 3

A selective descent project to promote hereditary traits deemed desirable.

Question 4

Who introduced the first word association test?

Answer 4

Sir Francis Galton.

Question 5

What term did James McKeen Cattell coin?

Answer 5

‘Mental Test’.

Question 6

What was Alfred Binet’s major contribution to psychology?

Answer 6

The development of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale.

Question 7

What is the Binet-Simon test used for?

Answer 7

Identifying children with learning difficulties.

Question 8

What did William Stern introduce in 1911?

Answer 8

The concept of Mental Age and the Intelligence Quotient (IQ).

Question 9

How is IQ calculated according to Stern?

Answer 9

IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100.

Question 10

Who revised the Binet-Simon test for use in the U.S.?

Answer 10

Lewis Terman.

Question 11

What is Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence?

Answer 11

General intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s).

Question 12

What statistical method did Spearman develop?

Answer 12

Factor analysis.

Question 13

What is the main criticism of the intelligence quotient (IQ)?

Answer 13

It may oversimplify the complexities of human intelligence.

Question 14

What did Galton believe about intelligence?

Answer 14

It is inherited and measurable.

Question 15

What was Cattell’s view on intelligence testing?

Answer 15

Tests should correlate with academic success.

Question 16

What was the goal of functionalism in psychology?

Answer 16

Understanding how consciousness helps individuals adapt to their environments.

Question 17

What did Binet warn against regarding his intelligence tests?

Answer 17

Using them to label or limit children’s opportunities.

Question 18

What are two key positions in the origin of individual differences?

Answer 18

Innatism and environmentalism.

Question 19

What is the significance of the Stanford-Binet test?

Answer 19

It became a standard tool for measuring intelligence.

Question 20

Who developed the first reliable intelligence scale?

Answer 20

Binet and Simon in 1905.

Question 21

What does the concept of ‘mental imagery’ relate to?

Answer 21

The ability to visualize sensory information without direct stimuli.

Question 22

What did Galton introduce in statistics?

Answer 22

Concepts of correlation and regression.

Question 23

What is the median, and who introduced it?

Answer 23

A measure of central tendency, introduced by Francis Galton.

Question 24

What did Galton’s anthropometric laboratory aim to measure?

Answer 24

Individual differences and intelligence.

Question 25

What did Cattell argue about intelligence and education?

Answer 25

That intelligence tests should predict educational success.

Question 26

What concept did Lewis Terman popularize?

Answer 26

IQ as a numerical measure of intelligence.

Question 27

What book did Spearman publish in 1923?

Answer 27

‘The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition’.

Question 28

What is the primary function of IQ tests?

Answer 28

Assessing intellectual potential and identifying learning needs.

Question 29

Who refined the concept of mental age?

Answer 29

William Stern.

Question 30

What is the primary focus of psychometrics?

Answer 30

Measuring psychological traits, including intelligence.