Cognitive Flashcards
What is cognitive psychology primarily concerned with?
The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.
Who is known for the ‘schemas of the mind’ theory?
F. C. Bartlett.
What does Bartlett’s schema theory emphasize?
Memory is reconstructive and based on past experiences.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) according to Vygotsky?
The range of tasks a child can perform with guidance but not yet independently.
What did Jean Piaget believe about cognitive development?
It is a process of adaptation through assimilation and accommodation.
What is assimilation in Piaget’s theory?
Fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas.
What is accommodation in Piaget’s theory?
Modifying schemas to incorporate new information.
What was George A. Miller’s major contribution to cognitive psychology?
The concept of ‘chunks’ in memory and the ‘Magical Number Seven’.
Who developed the first theory of attention?
Donald Broadbent.
What is the Information Processing Theory?
A theory comparing human cognition to computer processing of input and output.
What is artificial intelligence’s role in cognitive psychology?
Influencing theories of information processing and cognition.
What did Alan Turing’s work contribute to AI?
The Turing Test for evaluating machine intelligence.
What does strong AI claim?
Machines can duplicate human mental processes, not just simulate them.
What is Ulric Neisser known for?
Introducing ecological approaches to studying cognition in real-life situations.
What is the main method of cognitive psychology?
Analyzing execution times of tasks and computational simulations.
What did Noam Chomsky critique about Skinner’s verbal behavior theory?
Language is too complex to be explained by behaviorist mechanisms alone.
What is Chomsky’s universal grammar?
An innate system underlying all human languages.
What is the relationship between cognitive psychology and behavioral genetics?
Studying the genetic basis of cognition and behavior.
Who were early contributors to cognitive psychology from the Soviet School?
Lev Vygotsky and his studies on the social origins of intelligence.
What is psychobiology’s role in cognitive psychology?
Exploring the biological foundations of mental events.
What is the Geneva School associated with?
Jean Piaget and his work on cognitive development.
What did the Soviet School emphasize about consciousness?
It is shaped by social interaction and behavior.
What did Bartlett’s ‘Remembering’ study emphasize?
The role of schemas in reconstructing memory.
What is the mind-body problem’s significance in cognitive psychology?
Resurgence due to information processing theories.
What did Herbert Simon and Allen Newell invent?
A thinking machine that advanced artificial intelligence.
What are cognitive schemas?
Frameworks for organizing and interpreting information.
What did the Turing Test evaluate?
Whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human.
What is the ecological approach to cognitive psychology?
Studying cognition in real-life contexts.
What did Chomsky’s work inspire in cognitive psychology?
A focus on innate structures and mental mechanisms.
What role does culture play in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory?
Transmitting values, beliefs, and skills across generations.
