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History > Cognitive > Flashcards

Cognitive Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognitive psychology primarily concerned with?

A

The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

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2
Q

Who is known for the ‘schemas of the mind’ theory?

A

F. C. Bartlett.

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3
Q

What does Bartlett’s schema theory emphasize?

A

Memory is reconstructive and based on past experiences.

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4
Q

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) according to Vygotsky?

A

The range of tasks a child can perform with guidance but not yet independently.

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5
Q

What did Jean Piaget believe about cognitive development?

A

It is a process of adaptation through assimilation and accommodation.

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6
Q

What is assimilation in Piaget’s theory?

A

Fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas.

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7
Q

What is accommodation in Piaget’s theory?

A

Modifying schemas to incorporate new information.

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8
Q

What was George A. Miller’s major contribution to cognitive psychology?

A

The concept of ‘chunks’ in memory and the ‘Magical Number Seven’.

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9
Q

Who developed the first theory of attention?

A

Donald Broadbent.

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10
Q

What is the Information Processing Theory?

A

A theory comparing human cognition to computer processing of input and output.

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11
Q

What is artificial intelligence’s role in cognitive psychology?

A

Influencing theories of information processing and cognition.

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12
Q

What did Alan Turing’s work contribute to AI?

A

The Turing Test for evaluating machine intelligence.

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13
Q

What does strong AI claim?

A

Machines can duplicate human mental processes, not just simulate them.

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14
Q

What is Ulric Neisser known for?

A

Introducing ecological approaches to studying cognition in real-life situations.

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15
Q

What is the main method of cognitive psychology?

A

Analyzing execution times of tasks and computational simulations.

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16
Q

What did Noam Chomsky critique about Skinner’s verbal behavior theory?

A

Language is too complex to be explained by behaviorist mechanisms alone.

17
Q

What is Chomsky’s universal grammar?

A

An innate system underlying all human languages.

18
Q

What is the relationship between cognitive psychology and behavioral genetics?

A

Studying the genetic basis of cognition and behavior.

19
Q

Who were early contributors to cognitive psychology from the Soviet School?

A

Lev Vygotsky and his studies on the social origins of intelligence.

20
Q

What is psychobiology’s role in cognitive psychology?

A

Exploring the biological foundations of mental events.

21
Q

What is the Geneva School associated with?

A

Jean Piaget and his work on cognitive development.

22
Q

What did the Soviet School emphasize about consciousness?

A

It is shaped by social interaction and behavior.

23
Q

What did Bartlett’s ‘Remembering’ study emphasize?

A

The role of schemas in reconstructing memory.

24
Q

What is the mind-body problem’s significance in cognitive psychology?

A

Resurgence due to information processing theories.

25
Q

What did Herbert Simon and Allen Newell invent?

A

A thinking machine that advanced artificial intelligence.

26
Q

What are cognitive schemas?

A

Frameworks for organizing and interpreting information.

27
Q

What did the Turing Test evaluate?

A

Whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human.

28
Q

What is the ecological approach to cognitive psychology?

A

Studying cognition in real-life contexts.

29
Q

What did Chomsky’s work inspire in cognitive psychology?

A

A focus on innate structures and mental mechanisms.

30
Q

What role does culture play in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory?

A

Transmitting values, beliefs, and skills across generations.

History (7 decks)

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