Intellectual Disabilities

Question 1

What is the current policy for people with learning disabilities?

Answer 1

Valuing People (DoH 2001)

Question 2

What does the Valuing People Strategy emphasise?

Answer 2

Independence Human Rights Equality Social Inclusion Capacity Personalisation

Question 3

What % of ID is caused by prenatal reasons?

Answer 3

20-40%

Question 4

What % of ID is caused by perinatal problems?

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

What is the AAMR?

Answer 5

American Association of Mental Retardation

Question 6

What is the AAMR definition of ID?

Answer 6

IQ < 70 Limitations in adaptive behaviour Began before 18

Question 7

What are the three areas of adaptive behaviour?

Answer 7

Conceptual Social Practical

Question 8

What is involved in the conceptual area of adaptive behaviour?

Answer 8

Language Understanding of concepts

Question 9

What is involved in the social area of adaptive behaviour?

Answer 9

Self-direction Ability to function in social contexts Understanding of social contexts

Question 10

What is involved in the practical area of adaptive behaviour?

Answer 10

Ability to do things

Question 11

What are the three sides to the social model of disability?

Answer 11

The Person The Environment The Available Support

Question 12

Who devised the Social Model of Disability?

Answer 12

The AAID

Question 13

What are the three most common elements of assessment for ID?

Answer 13

BACKGROUND HISTORY WAIS-IV Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System

Question 14

Who argues against the functionality of the WAIS-IV?

Answer 14

Whitaker (2005)

Question 15

What does Whitaker particularly argue about the WAIS-IV?

Answer 15

It is arbitrary and not informative to have cut off points.

Question 16

List four key issues that can occur in families of people with learning disabilities.

Answer 16

Excessive and prolonged dependency Families being conscious of being different Uncertainty and anxiety about the future To what degree is the family organised around the child?

Question 17

What kinds of things can impact upon a family’s ability to provide care for a member with ID?

Answer 17

Carers’ appraisals of their situations and the resources that they have to cope Societal pressures and support offered Stigma/perception of

Question 18

What are some of the critical transition points for children?

Answer 18

Pre school Entering school Early adolescence Chronological adulthood

Question 19

Which themes from attachment are relevant to ID?

Answer 19

Threat and need for security Transitions and change Relationships with parents and significant others Losses/separations Self-regulation

Question 20

Who researched pre-verbal relating patterns in neonates?

Answer 20

Beebe and Lachmann (2002)

Question 21

What did Beebe and Lachmann (2002) investigate?

Answer 21

Reciprocal roles in very early infancy.

Question 22

Who proposed that attachment theory might be a helpful framework in within which one can understand the process relating to loss and trauma associated with having a disabled child?

Answer 22

Marvin & Pianta (1996)

Question 23

What did Marvin & Pianta (1996) propose?

Answer 23

That attachment theory may be a helpful framework by which we can better understand loss associated with having a disabled child.

Question 24

What kinds of things may impede a parent’s ability to parent their child sensitively in ID?

Answer 24

Them not being able to develop a representation of the child’s actual abilities rather than their wished for abilities (Barnett et al., 2003)

Question 25

What did Barnett et al (2003) say about ID?

Answer 25

That parents may find it difficult to sensitively respond to their child if they cannot develop a representation of their child's actual abilities.

Question 26

What is the mediated self?

Answer 26

That a person needs others around in order to know themselves and regulate themselves.

Question 27

How does the mediated self relate to learning disabilities?

Answer 27

People with mild learning disabilities tend to have had a high level of input when they were developing their autonomous self and, thus, cannot know theirself without the input of others. Therefore, 'dependent personality style' tends to be the norm in people with mild ID.

Question 28

Who coined the 'mediated self'?

Answer 28

Levitas and Gilson (1994)

Question 29

What did Levitas and Gilson (1994) talk about?

Answer 29

The mediated self

Question 30

What reciprocal role is particularly important to consider in people with ID?

Answer 30

caring - cared for

Question 31

What might being cared for invoke in someone with ID?

Answer 31

SHAME

Question 32

What are the three taboos in ID (Sinason, 1992)?

Answer 32

Disability/Dependence Mortality Sexuality

Question 33

Who talks about the sense in stupidity?

Answer 33

Sinason (1992)

Question 34

What are the three factors that might lead to using stupidity as a defence (Sinason, 1992)?

Answer 34

To keep the outer world happy To explain abnormality and make up for poor development of personality To protect against trauma

Question 35

Which paper offers and overview of review papers of psychotherapy in PwID?

Answer 35

Prout and Browning (2011)

Question 36

What did Prout and Browning (2011) conclude?

Answer 36

Psychotherapy can be 'moderately effective' for people with learning disabilities

Question 37

What do Prout and Browning (2011) recommend for future research into psychotherapy effectiveness in PwID?

Answer 37

Better designed studies Focus on outcome and effectiveness Research into the 'ingredients' of effective therapy, both content and process

Question 38

What did Whitehouse et al (2006) recommend as being of primary importance for therapy in PwID?

Answer 38

Considering transference and counter-transference Acknowledging disability.

Question 39

Why do Whitehouse et al. (2006) highlight the importance of considering transference and counter-transference in therapy with PwID?

Answer 39

PwID tend to make attachments more quickly Counter-transference can be strong with PwID, especially being pulled into the need to rescue Endings are important for PwID

Question 40

Who talk about CAT and reciprocal role with PwID?

Answer 40

Psalia & Crowley (2005)

Question 41

What are four key points for working with care staff?

Answer 41

Understand the service provision and commissioning Get to know the service/staff well Consider levels of stress in staff and staff's beliefs about the problem Have regular contact including follow up and review