Intellectual disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

what is a learning disability

A

arrested or incomplete mental development

reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities

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2
Q

how is a learning disability defined

A

IQ <70
present from <18
deficits in adaptive learning

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3
Q

what are the obrien principles of LD

A

continue to grow and develop in the appropriate environment
worthy of all dignity and rights
need to learn through risk taking
need availability of generic environments, normal conditions of life

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4
Q

diagnosis of LD?

A

clinical findings

IQ scoring by WAIS, weschler intelligence score for children or weschler preschool or primary scvale of intelligence

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5
Q

what % roughly have LD, how much is it increasing by annually and why is this

A

normal distribution of 2.5% have IQ<70

1% increase annual thought to be by increase in premature birth survival

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6
Q

what is the flynn effect

A

increase of 3 points IQ per decade in the USA - 10 per generation

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7
Q

what factors led to the flynn effect

A
better schooling 
test familiarity 
stimulation 
better nutrition 
decreased rates of infection and better treatment
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8
Q

what factors are leading to the flynn effect slowing

A

orientation towardas computer gaming
different schooling
immigration
dysgenic decline

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9
Q

racial and geographical discrepancies in IQ testing?

A

Asian IQ higher than european
Jewish higher than asian
african american lower than white american
IQ of developed countries are higher

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10
Q

categories of LD - Mild LD

A

50-69

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11
Q

categories of LD - borderline LD

A

> 70

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12
Q

categories of LD - moderate LD

A

49-35

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13
Q

categories of LD - severe LD

A

20-34

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14
Q

categories of LD - profound LD

A

<20

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15
Q

mental age of someone with a borderline LD

A

12-15

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16
Q

features of mild LD

A
most common LD 
age 9-12 mentally 
delayed speech 
fully independent 
difficulties with reading and writing 
unskilled or semi skilled work 
rarely organic
17
Q

features of moderate LD

A
slow comprehension and language 
delayed self care and motor skill
supervised simple tasks 
fully mobile 
often organic aetiology and may have comorbid physical disability/epilepsy
18
Q

features of severe LD

A

marked impairment
achievements are highly restricted
very frequently associated with epilepsy

19
Q

features of profound LD

A

mental age <3
severe limitation in ability to understand of comply with request/instruction
little to no self care
often severe mobility restriction

20
Q

antenatal genetic causes of LD

A
cri du chat 
angelman syndrome 
prader willi
williams syndrome 
downs syndrome 
edwards syndrome 
patau syndrome 
turners syndrome 
trisomy X 
klinefelter
XYY 
fragile X 
PKU
TS 
congenital hypothyroidism
21
Q

antenatal non-genetic causes of LD

A
substnace abuse 
poor diet 
toxoplasmosis 
CMV 
rubella
22
Q

perinatal causes LD

A

hypoxia
prematurity
cerebral anoxia

23
Q

postnatal causes LD

A

hypoglycaemic
metabolic
high bilirubin

24
Q

infancy causes LD

A

traum
infection
toxins
NAI

25
social effects of LD
``` discrimination sexual abuse differing employment stigma poor educational provision ```
26
physical effects of LD
physical disability sensory issues mobility issues
27
health effects of LD
harder to diagnose mental illness epilepsy substance misuse physical illness
28
ways of managing LD
general support and therapeutic environmen t communication aids CBT, psychodynamic therapy and behavioural treatment of epilepsy, GORD, constipation
29
how may schizophrenia appear in a patient with LD
more likely to have negative symptoms
30
how may depression appear in a patient with LD
increased somatisation 3x more common reduced verbal expression affect higher prevalence biological over affective symptoms