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Clinical Physiology > Integumentary System I – Structure & Function > Flashcards

Integumentary System I – Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Epidermis?

A

Superficial, thinner
layer comprised of epithelial tissue

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2
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Deeper layer comprised
of connective tissue

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3
Q

What are the components of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair & sensory receptors
Nails
Oil and Sweat glands

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4
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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5
Q

On average, adults have how many metres of skin?

A

2 metres

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6
Q

Skin contributes approximately how many kilos of total body weight?

A

Approx 5kg

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7
Q

What is the average thickness of skin on a human body?

A

1-2mm

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8
Q

What are epidermal ridges also known as?

A

Fingerprint, handprint, footprint

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9
Q

What are striae more commonly known as?

A

Stretch marks

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10
Q

Name the 3 skin pigmentations?

A

Melanin, Haemoglobin and Carotene

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of melanin?

A

Pheomelanin (Yellow to Red)
Eumelanin (Brown to Black)

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12
Q

Melanin absorbs UV radiation. True or False?

A

True

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13
Q

What are freckles?

A

Accumulation of melanin patches, often due to uv radiation

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14
Q

What are carotene rich foods?

A

Egg Yolks and Carrots

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15
Q

What are functions of hair?

A

UV Protection
Thermoregulation
Light touch sensation

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16
Q

What is the scientific name for the sweat glands?

A

Sudoriferous glands

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17
Q

What is the scientific word for ear wax?

A

Cerumen

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18
Q

What is the purpose of earwax?

A

Impedes entry of foreign bodies and waterproofing of the ear canal

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19
Q
  1. Name the 3 main components of a nail
A

Nail body
Free Edge
Nail root

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20
Q

What are cells that produce collagen and elastin?

A

Fibroblasts

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21
Q

What does reduced melanocytes cause?

A

Grey hair

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22
Q

Why do we get hair loss?

A

Follicles stop producing hair

23
Q

What is the name for a normal mole?

A

Nevus

24
Q

What are some causes of skin cancer?

A

Skin type - Individuals with lighter skin who never tan and always burn at highest risk
Sun Exposure - Increased sun exposure increases cancer risk | UV exposure
Family History -Family history of cancer increases risk
Age - Aged individuals at higher risk due to longer total exposure to U
Immunology status - Immunosuppressed (weakened immune system) individuals at greater risk

25
Q

What are three common types of skin cancer?

A

Basal Cell Carcinomas (75% of skin cancers)
Squamous cell Carcinomas (20% of skin cancers)
Malignant Melanoma (2% of skin cancers)

26
Q

If a malignant melanoma goes undiagnosed, it can kill a person, how quickly?

A

Within months

27
Q

In a malignant melanoma, what happens in stage 3?

A

Disease spread to lymph nodes or nearby skin

28
Q

In a malignant melanoma, what happens in stage 1?

A

Localised to epidermis under 1mm thick

29
Q

In a malignant melanoma, what happens in stage 2?

A

Localised to epidermis, 1-4 mm thick

30
Q

In a malignant melanoma, what happens in stage 4?

A

Metastasis to other internal organs
Lymph node involvement

31
Q

Ageing causes wrinkling through loss of what?

A

integumentary cells & glands

32
Q

Malignant melanomas can be identified using what acronym?

A

A B C D

33
Q

What area of skin has a thickness of around 4mm?

A

Heel

34
Q

What area of skin as a thickness of around 0.5mm?

A

Eyelid

35
Q

How does the skin synthesise vitamin D?

A

UV radiation synthesises Vit D via calcitriol (aids calcium absorption)

36
Q

Explain the skin’s function as a blood reservoir

A

Dermis has extensive network of blood vessels | Carry 8-10% of blood at rest

37
Q

Explain the skin’s ability to excrete and absorb

A

Excretion of sweat | Absorption of lipid-soluble materials (e.g. Vitamins A, D, E, K | Cortisone)

38
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Subcutaneous layer consisting of
areolar & adipose tissue

39
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

One of the cells found in the epidermis. Participate in immune responses against microbes that invade the skin

40
Q

What are Keratinocytes?

A

One of the cells found in the epidermis. Arranged in 4-5 layers | Produce keratin | Protects skin from external environment

41
Q

What are Melanocytes?

A

One of the cells found in the epidermis. Produces melanin | Transfer melanin to keratinocytes | Contributes to skin pigment |
Absorbs UV light

42
Q

What are Merkel cells?

A

One of the cells found in the epidermis. In direct contact with sensory neurons via a Merkel disc | Detect touch sensations

43
Q

How many layers of thin skin are there?

A

4

44
Q

Which layer of skin is categorised by - 25 – 30 layers of dead keratinocytes which are shed & replaced by deeper cells

A

Stratum Corneum

45
Q

Which layer of skin is categorised by - 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis | Lipid
secretions provide waterproofing

A

Stratum Granulosum

46
Q

Which layer of skin is categorised by - 8-10 layers of keratinocytes fitting closely together that provide
strength and flexibility to skin

A

Spinous Spinosum

47
Q

Which layer of skin is described as a Single layer that contains stem cells that undergo cell division to continually
produce keratinocytes

A

Stratum Basale

48
Q

What is the extra 5th layer of skin called that is located between the Stratum granulosum & thickened stratum corneum?

A

Stratum lucidum

49
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Cell death

50
Q

How long does Keratinisation take?

A

Approximately 4 weeks

51
Q

What is Keratinisation?

A

As cells move closer to the
surface of the skin, they accumulate more keratin

52
Q

What are Meissner corpuscles?

A

touch sensitive nerves

53
Q

Why do our cheeks go red?

A

Skin appears pink to red depending on oxygen content of blood moving through
capillaries of the dermis due to haemoglobin (oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells)

54
Q

What colour can your skin go if you have too much carotene?

A

Orange

Clinical Physiology (12 decks)

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