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MLS 111L > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

also known as the cutaneous membrane and covers the external surface of the body

A

skin

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2
Q

the skin consists of two main part

A

epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

the superficial thinner portion which is composed of epithelial tissue (avascular = does not bleed)

A

epidermis

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4
Q

the deeper thicker connective tissue portion of the skin (vascular = bleeds)

A

dermis

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5
Q

deep to the dermis, but not part of the skin consists of areolar and adipose tissue which serves as a storage depot for fat and large blood vessels

A

subcutaneous layer/ hypodermis

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6
Q

the nerve endings that are present in the skin are called

A

lamellated corpuscles

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7
Q

the four principal types of cells in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells), tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)

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8
Q

tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin from abrasions, heat microbes and chemicals

A

keratinocytes

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9
Q

produces melanin that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging UV light

A

melanocytes

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10
Q

they participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invade the skin and help other cells recognize an invading microbe

A

Langerhan cells/ intraepidermal macrophages

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11
Q

located in the deepest layer of the epidermis detect touch sensation

A

Merkel cells/ Tactile epithelial cells

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12
Q

five layers of the epidermis

A 
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
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13
Q

“germinating layer” the deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of stem cells that continuously undergo cell division, simple columnal/ cuboidal cells

A

stratum basale

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14
Q

“prickly layer” 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes, provides strength and flexibility to the skin

A

stratum spinosum

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15
Q

“granular layer” stratified squamous cells undergoing apoptosis, marks the transition between metabolically active strata and dead cells of the more superficial strata

A

stratum granulosum

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16
Q

“clear layer” present only in thick skin and composed of dead keratinocytes

A

stratum lucidum

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17
Q

“horny layer” 20-30 layers of continuously replaced anucleated keratinocytes

A

stratum corneum

18
Q

two layers of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

19
Q

the thin superficial layer made up of areolar connective tissue where dermal paillar that contain free nerve endings and touch receptors are licated

A

papillary layer

20
Q

deeper layer of the dermis made up of coarse, dense irregular connective tissue

A

reticular tissue

21
Q

two main regions of the hair

A

shaft and root

22
Q

three concentric layers of the keratinized cells in the hair

A

medulla, cortex and cuticle

23
Q

plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized cells

A

nails

24
Q

two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

25
Q

simple coiled tubular sweat glands that are abundant on the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead and help control body temperature

A

eccrine

26
Q

sweat glands confined chiefly in the axilliary and genital regions and usually open into hair follicles

A

apocrine

27
Q

modified apocrine glands that form cerumen or earwax

A

ceruminous glands

28
Q

other name for sweat glands

A

sudoriferous glands

29
Q

simple branched alveolar glands present on all skin surfaces except in the thick skin of the palms and soles that secrete oil/fatty substance called sebum with bactericidal properties

A

oil glands/ sebacious glands

30
Q

bluish discoloration of the skin due to decreased levels of hemoglobin

A

cyanosis

31
Q

refers to a change in skin color during episodes of fear, anger or emotional stress or may signify anemia or low BP

A

pallor or blanching

32
Q

abnormal yellow skin tone which usually signifies a liver disorder where normally secreted bile pigments accumulate in the blood

A

jaundice

33
Q

flat and small (<1cm) skin lesion

seen in maliganant melanomas and fungal infection

A

macule

34
Q

flat and large (>1cm) skin lesion

seen in seborrhaic dermatitis and vitiligo

A

patch

35
Q

small (<1cm) raised spot

seen in skin tags and basal cell carcinoma

A

papule

36
Q

large (>1cm) raised spot

commonly seen in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis

A

plaque

37
Q

raised, fluid filled and small (<1cm)

seen in herpes simplex virus and contact dermatitis from poison ivy

A

vesicle

38
Q

raised, fluid filled and large (>1cm)

seen in insect bites

A

bulla

39
Q

three major forms of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma

40
Q

ABCDE of melanoma

A 
asymmetry
border
color
diameter
evolution
41
Q

classification of burns according to severity

A

first degree burns epidermis only damaged
second degree burns dermis damaged
third degree burns subcutaneous layer

42
Q

burns are considered critical when:

A

25 % of the body has second degree burns
10 % of the body has third degree burns
third degree burns on the face, hand, and feet

MLS 111L (10 decks)

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