Integumentary System

Question 1

What are all of the parts of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

• Hair
• Nails
• Oil and sweat glands
• Skin

Question 2

What are the 3 main functions of skin?

Answer 2

• Protection (provides protective membrane)
• Thermoregulation (skin glands lubricate - oil- and cool - sweat - the skin, helps maintain body temp)
• Sense organs (receptors for sensations)

Question 3

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 3

Oil glands used to lubricate skin and hair

Question 4

What are the 2 types of membranes that we have in the integumentary system?

Answer 4

• Epithelial membranes (lining or covering)

- Connective tissue membranes

Question 5

What does the epithelial membrane further break down into?

Answer 5

• Cutaneous membrane: the skin
• Serous membranes: 2 linings (parietal type which is the outer membrane and the visceral type which is the inner membranes). always produce a type of fluid. Ex: lungs
• Mucous membranes: (Hole or opening) lines body surfaces that open directly to the exterior. Produce mucus, a thick secretion that keeps membranes moist and soft. Ex: respiratory, digestive, reproductive, urinary

Question 6

What are connective tissue membranes?

Answer 6

• Do not contain epithelial components
• Produce a lubricant called SYNOVIAL FLUID
• Ex. Synovial Membranes in the spaces between joints in the lining of bursal sacs

Question 7

What are the 3 components of the structure of the skin?

Answer 7

• epidermis: outermost, thin cellular membrane
• dermis: next layer; dense fibrous, connective tissue (true skin)
• subcutaneous tissue: thick, fat-containing tissue

Question 8

Epidermis

Answer 8

• top layer of skin with thin cellular membrane
• made up of stratified squamous epithelium
• avascular
• large layer called Stratum corneum - large amount of keratin which is a hard protein found in all of the integumentary system
• bottom layer is called the Basal Layer which contains melanocytes, which make skin pigment called melanin

Question 9

What is the purpose of melanin in skin?

Answer 9

Helps protect from UV rays by absorbing the rays

Question 10

Dermis

Answer 10

• second layer of skin, dense fibrous connective tissues
• made up of dense connective tissue, collagen (white protein) and elastic fibres
• contains blood and lymphatic vessels
• contains hair follicles
• contains nerve receptors
• contains oil and sweat glands
• NAME ALL THAT IT CONTAINS FOR THE TEST*

Question 11

Subcutaneous tissue

Answer 11

• bottom layer of skin, contains adipocytes
• also called the hypodermis
• located beneath the dermis
• fat layer made up of adipocytes
• protects, insulates and an energy source

Question 12

Hair

Answer 12

• accessory organ of skin
• cells filled with hard protein
• contains a lot of keratin
• hair follicles are the sacs that hold the hair
• hair shaft is the part of the hair sticking out of the skin
• melanocytes in the root for colour
• arrector pili is the muscle that attaches to hair and helps with thermoregulation (goosebumps)

Question 13

Nails

Answer 13

• accessory organ of skin
• tons of keratin
• nail plate or body: main plate of the nail.
• lunula: half moon shape whiteish area at the base of a nail.
• cuticle - little band of epidermis at base of nail and a little up the side.
• paronychium - soft tissue surrounding the nail border (hangnails).

Question 14

Glands

Answer 14

• accessory organ of skin
• 2 types: sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat).
• both exocrine glands - means they secrete substances outside of the bloodstream, whether it be outside the body or into a cavity
• sebaceous glands secrete oily sebum via the hair follicles
• sudoriferous glands secrete into pores to moisten and cool
• both are subject to bacterial growth

Question 15

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

Answer 15

• Eccrine sweat gland - exits the pore

- Apocrine sweat gland (puberty) - exits the hair follicle

Question 16

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Answer 16

• No oil on the palm of your hands and feet and lips because there is no hair follicles there
• level of secretion of oil increases with puberty

Question 17

Eccrine glands

Answer 17

• sudoriferous glands
• most common type, numerous and widespread
• sweat exits through pores
• abundant on palms of hands and feet

Question 18

Apocrine glands

Answer 18

• sudoriferous glands
• puberty onset
• mainly found in armpits and around genitalia
• secrete a thicker sweat which is usually colourless and odourless; breakdown by bacteria of this sweat by skin bacteria causes odour

Question 19

Burn degrees

Answer 19

• First degree: superficial burns, epidermis is damaged, painful, redness, no blisters, like a sunburn
• Second degree: partial thickness burn, epidermis and into dermis (but not all the way through), blisters, most painful
• Third degree: epidermis and dermis destroyed, and subcutaneous layer is damaged. Charred, white and waxy appearance. Least painful due to nerves being burned, however there is usually a second degree burn surrounding the area

Question 20

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 20

• Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints and internal organs

Question 21

Skin neoplasms - benign

Answer 21

• Keratosis: thickened area of epidermis, associated with aging or skin damage
• Leukoplakia: white, thickened patches on tongue or inner cheek, usually precancerous
• Nevus: mole, pigmented lesion of the skin
• verruca: warts caused by a virus, epidermal growth