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Histology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epithelial type of the epidermis?

A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

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2
Q

What four types of cells are there in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyte
Langerhans cells
Merkel Cells
Melanocytes

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3
Q

What forms the major distinction between thick

skin and thin skin?

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

From the dermis, the epidermis consists of four layers of
keratinocytes (or five layers in thick skin)
What are there names?

A 
FROM DEEP TO SUPERFICIAL
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum (ONLY IN THICK SKIN)
Stratum Corneum
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Stratum Basale?

A 
Single cuboidal or low columnar cells
Deepest layer
Replaced within 15-30 days
Keratinocytes, Merkel cells, and Melanocytes
They have tonofilaments
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Stratum Spinosum?

A

Several layers of keratinocytes joined by desmosomes
Langerhans Cells also present
Contain mature keratinocyte called Prickle Cells
Melanin is engulfed by these cells
They have keratin filaments

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7
Q

Describe the characteristics of Stratum Granulosum.

A

Keratinocytes are flattened
3-5 layers of keratinocytes
Keratohylin granules (keratinized)
Lamellar granules (produce lipids that prevent dehydration and desquamation)

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Stratum Lucidum?

A

Only present in thick skin
2-3 layers of dead cells
Anucleate cells
Cytoplasm filled with keratin filaments

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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of Stratum Corneum?

A 
15-20 layers of dead cells
Keratin filled keratinocytes
Flattened cells with thick cell membrane called Squames
Desquamation occurs
The superficial layer
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10
Q

Stratum Germinativum is another name for?

A

Stratum Basale

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11
Q

What is the name of Antigen-presenting cell in the skin?

A

Langerhans cells

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Langerhans Cells?

A

Immune cells, large cell bodies with dendritic processes and nucleus is indented.
They are found in Stratum spinosum

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of melanocytes?

A

Oval cells with long processes

PResent in Stratum basale and stratum spinosum

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of keratinocytes?

A

They are present in all layers
Deep down they are cuboidal and at the superficial part they are flattened and dead cells
They have keratin filaments arranged
They also secrete lamellar granules

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Merkel cells?

A

Basally located sensory neuroendocrine cells

Globular cells

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16
Q

What is Dermis?

A

It is made of connective tissue
Connects the epidermis to the hypodermis
Contains blood vessels, appendages, lymphatics and nerves
It has two layers.

17
Q

Papillary layer characteristics

A 
It has loose connective tissue
It has dermal papillae
Collagen I and III
Collagen VII connects the basal lamina
Subpapillary vascular plexus
18
Q

Reticular layer characteristics

A

It has dense irregular connective tissue surrounding hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands, nerves, and deep plexus of blood vessels extending into the subcutaneous layer.
Collagen I and elastin

19
Q

What is Hypodermis?

A

Composed of areolar and adipose connective
tissue
Binds the skin to the underlying structure
Also called Superficial Fascia

20
Q

What is hair?

A

Elongated keratin structures (keratinocytes) derived from the invaginations of the epidermis in the dermis.

21
Q

Hair is surrounded by the hair follicle. What is a hair follicle?

A

Epidermis (Epithelial tissue) and Dermis (connective tissue) sheath.

22
Q

What is dermal papilla?

A

A dermal papilla inserts into the base of the hair bulb and contains a capillary network required to sustain the hair follicle.

23
Q

Matrix is secreted by the keratinocytes in the hair bulb and the matrix then forms?

A

Cortex (Tightly packed keratinocytes with high keratin)

Medulla (Keratinocytes with a moderate amount of keratin) of the hair.

24
Q

Hair is separated by the connective tissue by?

A

Glassy membrane made of hyaline

25
Q

What is Anagen?

A

A generally long phase of mitotic activity and growth

Hair growth cycle

26
Q

What is Catagen?

A

A brief period of arrested growth and then regression

Hair growth cycle

27
Q

What is Telogen?

A

A long period of inactivity in which the hair maybe shed

28
Q

Hair bulb is surrounded by what?

A

External and Internal root sheath

29
Q

From where do the Hair progenitor cells at the beginning of the new anagen phase come from?

A

External Root sheath.

The stem cells produce matrix.

30
Q

What are Sebaceous glands?

A

They are simple branched acinar glands that secrete oil in the hair follicle. They are not present in palms, soles, and side of feet.

31
Q

What is a sweat gland?

A

The sweat gland is a simple coiled tubular gland
It is of two types
Eccrine and Apocrine

32
Q

What is the eccrine sweat gland?

A

Eccrine sweat gland secretes water, metabolic wastes, salt, antibodies, etc.
The secretory portion is in the dermis or hypodermis.

33
Q

What is an apocrine sweat gland?

A

They are found in Armpits, areola of the breast, and anogenital areas
Their secretions are more vicious than that of the eccrine glands
They start secreting at puberty
The secretory portion is in the dermis or hypodermis
The ducts open into hair follicles

34
Q

Examples of modified sweat gland

A 
Ceruminous gland (ear wax glands)
Mammary glands

Histology (10 decks)

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