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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of connective tissue cells?

A

Migrant cells

Resident cells

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2
Q

What are resident cells?

A

Cells that stay in one place are resident cells

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3
Q

Examples of resident cells?

A

Fibroblast
Myofibroblast
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Adipose Tissue

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4
Q

What are migrant cells?

A

Cells that move from one place to another

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5
Q

Examples of Migrant cells

A

Macrophage
Plasma Cells
Mast cells
Leukocytes

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6
Q

What does the ECM of connective tissue contain?

A

Ground Substances

Fibers

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7
Q

What is the composition of the ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycan and Glycoprotein

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8
Q

What are some GAGs?

A 
Heparan Sulfate
Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate
Keratan Sulfate
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9
Q

What are some Glycoproteins?

A

Fibronectin
Osteonectin
Laminin
Chondronectin

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10
Q

What are the fibers of the ECM?

A

Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

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11
Q

Name three types of collagen.

A

Fibril forming
Network forming
Fibril Associated

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12
Q

Type I is found in

A 
Skin
Bone
Tendon
Blood vessels
Cornea
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13
Q

Type I collagen is associated with?

A

Collagen V

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14
Q

Type II collagen is found in

A

Cartilage
Intervertebral disc
Vitreous body

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15
Q

Type II is associated with what collagen?

A

Type XI

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16
Q

Type III Collagen is found in

A

Blood vessels
Skin
Muscle

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17
Q

What are the examples of fibrin forming collagen?

A

Type I, II, III, V and XI

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18
Q

Type IV Collagen is found in?

A

Basement membrane

External lamina of Adipocytes, Schwann cells, smooth and skeletal muscle cells.

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19
Q

Type VIII collagen is found in?

A

Corneal and Vascular epithelium

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20
Q

Type IV and Type VIII are included in what type of collagen?

A

Network forming

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21
Q

Type IX collagen is found in?

A

Cartilage

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22
Q

Type XII is found in?

A

Ligaments
Tendon
Skin
Placenta

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23
Q

Type VII is found in?

A

Basement membrane

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24
Q

Type XII is found in?

A

Placenta

BOne

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25
Q

Fibril Associated collagen types?

A

IX and XII

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26
Q

Reticular Fibers characteristics

A

Thinner than collagen fibers
THey branch
Made of type III collagen
Black Stained (Periodic Acid Schiff)

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27
Q

Collagen Fibers characteristics?

A

Type I collagen
The bundles of collagen fibers branch but the individual fiber doesn’t
Flexible
Inelastic

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28
Q

Elastic Fibers characteristic

A

Highly elastic and thin
Branch and rejoin to form a network
Stained by Weigert’s Resorcin Fuchsin stain

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29
Q

Reticular fibers are the supporting framework of what organs?

A 
Lymph node
Spleen
Bone Marrow
Liver
Endocrine glands
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30
Q

Endomysium and Endoneurium have what type of fibers?

A

Reticular fibers

They are made of Collagen Type III

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31
Q

What is the function of reticular fibers in loose connective tissue?

A

They connect the epithelium and the connective tissue.

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32
Q

What cells produce reticular fibers?

A
  1. In bone marrow and lymphoid organs - Reticular Cells
  2. In Endoneurium - Schwann Cells
  3. In Muscularis of Gastrointestinal tract and Tunica media - smooth muscle
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33
Q

The space between the collagen molecule is called?

A

Lacunar Zone

34
Q

What cells produce elastic fibers?

A

Fibroblast and smooth muscle cells

35
Q

Stage 1 of the elastic fiber developmental product is called?

A

Oxytalan

36
Q

What is Oxytalan?

A

Bundle of microfibril (fibrillin)

37
Q

Where is Oxytalan found?

A

Dermis
Periodontal ligament of the teeth
Suspensory ligament of the eye

38
Q

Stage 2 of the elastic fiber developmental product is called?

A

Elaunin

39
Q

What is ELaunin?

A

Elastin with fibrillin

40
Q

Where is Elaunin found?

A

Dermis

Periodontal ligament of the teeth

41
Q

Stage 3 of the elastic fiber developmental product is called?

A

Elastic fiber (90% of the amorphous elastic fibers)

42
Q

What gives elastic fiber its rubber-like characteristics?

A

Desmosine and Isodesmosine

43
Q

Where are Elastic Fibers found?

A

Lungs
Ligamentum Flavum of the vertebral column
Blood Vessels (Stage 1 - Fenestrated membrane)

44
Q

Fibroblasts function

A

Produce and maintain the Connective tissue fibers and matrix.

45
Q

Inactive fibroblast characteristics

A

Ovoid shape
Rod-shaped nucleus
slightly eosinophilic

46
Q

Active fibroblast characteristics?

A

Spindle shape
Ovoid nucleus
Basophilic

47
Q

Myofibroblast characteristics

A

They are identical to fibroblasts

They are active in wound healing and wound contraction

48
Q

White Adipocyte is present in?

A

Thigh, Axilla, Buttocks (TAB)
Greater Omentum, Mesentery, Retroperitoneally
Palm and Soles

49
Q

White adipocyte is stored in the subcutaneous tissue, it is known as

A

Panniculus Adiposus

50
Q

White adipocyte characteristics

A

It is unilocular and not fully divided by connective tissue septa

51
Q

Brown Adipose Tissue characteristics

A

It is multilocular
highly vascular
Abundant mitochondria

52
Q

Brown Adipocytes are found in?

A

Posterior triangle of the neck
Around Abdominal aorta
somewhere in Mediastinum
somewhere around Kidneys

53
Q

The function of Brown Adipocyte

A

It induces non-shivering thermogenesis by the help of thermogenin and the ATP is replaced by heat energy.

54
Q

Macropahges characteristics

A

Inactive Macrophage - Fusiform
Active macrophage - Large oval cell with KIDNEY-SHAPED NUCLEUS.
Nucleus darker than fibroblast’s nucleus

55
Q

From where do fibroblasts and Adipocytes come from?

A

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

They are arranged around the blood vessels as Pericytes.

56
Q

Langerhans cells are found in?

A

EPIDERMIS of the skin

57
Q

Dendritic cells are found in?

A

Lymph node and spleen

58
Q

Function of Macrophage

A

Phagocytosis
Antigen Presentation with MHC II to the lymphocytes
Produce IL-1 to proliferate the lymphocytes
Produce TNF-alpha to kill cancer cells

59
Q

What is a multinuclear giant cell?

A

Fusion of macrophages that creates a big dangerous cell that can digest anything, like anything left by a surgeon.

60
Q

What is Epitheloid tissue?

A

If the bacterium (Treponema palladium or Tuberculosis Bacteria) is not digestible then the macrophages form a wall around it so that the infection doesn’t spread.

61
Q

Mast cell characteristics

A

OVOID cell with SPHERICAL NUCLEUS

SHow metachromasia due to heparin

62
Q

What are the primary mediators of inflammation that are produced by mast cells?

A 
Histamine
Heparin
ECF
NCF
Tryptase and Chymase
63
Q

What are the secondary mediators of inflammation that are produced by mast cells?

A

Leukotriene C4, D4, E4
TNF
Prostaglandin D2
Other Interleukins

64
Q

Types of Embryonic Connective Tissue?

A 
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (star-shaped cells having reticular fibers)
Mucoid Tissue (the intermediate between the mesenchyme and the adult tissue)
65
Q

What is Wharton’s jelly?

A

It is mucoid tissue surrounding the blood vessels in the umbilical cord

66
Q

What is in mucoid tissue?

A

Type I and Type II collagen
Hyaluronic Acid
(It is a soft jelly)
And some fibroblasts

67
Q

Types of Connective tissue?

A

Loose Tissue
Dense Irregular Tissue
Dense Regular Tissue
Dense REgular Elastic Tissue

68
Q

Location of Loose or Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Lamina Propria

Endotendineum

69
Q

Location of Dense Irregular Connective tissue?

A

The dermis of the skin
Organ Capsule
Submucosa
Epitendineum

70
Q

Location of Dense Regular Connective Tissue?

A

Ligaments
Aponeurosis
Corneal Stroma
Tendon

71
Q

Dense Regular Elastic Connective tissue?

A

True Vocal Cords
Ligamentum flavum
Suspensory ligament of the penis

72
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Example

A 
Nose
Articular Surfaces
Costal Cartilage
Trachea
Bronchi
Epiphyseal cartilage
Initial Skeleton of the fetus
73
Q

WHat is in cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes
Chondroitin sulfate
Hyaluronic Acid
Collagen

74
Q

What are the examples of fibrocartilage?

A 
Sternoclavicular joint
Pubic Symphysis
Menisci of the knee
Intervertebral discs
Glenoid Labrum
Acetabular labrum
75
Q

Examples of Elastic Cartilage

A 
Ear
Epiglottis
External Auditory Meatus
Auditory tubule
Small cartilage of the larynx
76
Q

ECM of hyaline cartilage

A

Type II collagen and a small amount of XI collagen

Highly hydrated that’s why it has a high degree of resilience.

77
Q

What is the pericellular matrix?

A

around the chondrocyte and it is devoid of Collagen II and full of sulfated proteoglycans

78
Q

What is the Territorial matrix?

A

around the pericellular matrix and it has little collagen II and some proteoglycan

79
Q

What is the interterritorial matrix?

A

between the territorial matrix and it has a lot of collagen II and XI and less sulfated proteoglycans

80
Q

What is the arrangement of chondrocyte in the hyaline cartilage

A

Spherical
Near the periphery of the cartilage, they are elliptical
In the subperichondrial region, they are elongated

81
Q

What is in fibrocartilage?

A 
Type I collagen fibers
Glycoproteins 
Hyaluronan
Aggrecan
IT IS NOT COVERED BY PERICHONDRIUM
82
Q

What is in Elastic Cartilage?

A 
Type II collagen
ELastic fibers
Aggrecan
Fibronectin
IT IS COVERED BY TWO LAYERS OF PERICHONDRIUM

Histology (10 decks)

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