Integumentary System Flashcards
structures of integumentary system
skin hair nails arrectores pilorum muscles glands - eccrine (sweat - apocrine (smelly sweat) - sebaceous (oil) - ceruminous (ear wax) - mammary
epidermis
- migration of cells from deep to superficial (living to dead)
- waterproof barrier, protection, skin tone
layers of skin
epidermis
dermis
subcutis
dermis
- fibrous collage and elastic fibers
- support the epidermis
- provides pliability
- contains blood vessels, glands, nerves
subcutis
- adipose cells
- mechanical an thermal protection
hair
- covers body (except palms of hands and soles of feet and some parts of genitalia)
- originates form hair follicle in dermis
- bulb of follicle is contained in melanin (color)
- debase process may manifest in hair changes
nails
- protective plate
- provides counterforce to finger pa for enhances fingertip sensation
purpose of glands
sweat- help maintain body temp
sebaceous (oil)- inhibit bacteria, waterproofing, keep hair and nails from drying out
ceruminous- keep outer eardrum from drying out
mammary- produce milk
relevant history for integumentary system
personal history of melanoma, burns, surgeries, changes in sweating
family history of melanoma
work environment and chemical exposures
drug and alcohol use
history of present illness
pain assessment
medical treatments and medications
integumentary systems reiew
skin integrity
skin texture
skin color
scars
systems review questions
do you have any cuts scrapes or open areas in the skin
do you have any soft tissue lumps or bumps
have you noticed any changes in hair growth
do you have any bruising, areas of discoloration, or changes in pigmentation
do you have any scars, injury or surgical
after a positive response to systems review questions
observe
compare bilaterally
palpate locally
relevance to current condition?
normal skin temperature
91*F
- not hot or cold to touch
- use back of hand
skin texture
smooth, rough, bumpy, orange peel (enlarged pores), dry, oily, flaky
skin turgor
ability of skin to return to original formation
- affected by hydration and age
skin cancer
- 1 in 5 Americans
- 8.1 billion healthcare dollars annually
what to look for in moles
asymmetry border coloration diameter evolving
nail changes
clubbing- pulmonary of inflammatory bowel disease
koilonychia- “spoon-shaped” nails (possible amenia
onchylosis (separation from bed)- possible hyperthyroidism
lines
subungual melanomas
longitudinal linear lines
- normal findings on dark skinned people
- diagnostic problem in 50% of melanomas in dark skinned populations
factors increasing likelihood of melanoma in patients with longitudinal pigmented bands
- new bands in light skinned populations
- sudden change in appearance of band
- single nail involvement
- pigmentation on skin around nail bed
- new pigmentation in old population
- band width of >3mm
- family history of melanoma or dysplastic nevi
- abnormal nail structure
hair changes
hypothryoidism- dry, thinning, brittle, coarse hair
anorexia nervosa- dry skin, thinning hair
hair loss or color changes: anemia, medication, inflammatory processes, metabolic or nutritional deficits
abnormal growth: hormones imbalance
hypertrophic scars
raised scar following cutaneous trauma, staying within the boundaries of the original wound
keloid scars
raised scar beyond the boundaries of the original wound
- commonly a source of pain, hyperesthesia
shingels
pain, itching, tingling before rash appears
fever, headaches, chills, upset stomach
1/10 develop postherpetic neuralgia for months to years after rash resolves
follows a dermatomal pattern
at greater risk if you had chickenpox already
lyme disease
tick borne- bacterial infection
not contageous
headache, server fatigue, neck stiffness, joint pain
don’t always see the “bulls eye” at site of bite
fungal infection
saprophytic- jock itch, ringworn, athletes foot
very contagious
gets in the flood: fungemia
burns
superficial (first degree)- epidermis
partial (second degree)- through dermis
full (third degree)- through subcutaneous
