Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 201 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is a serous membrane (serosa)

A

thin coverings over surfaces in ventral body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two layers of a serous membrane

A

parietal and visceral (serosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the parietal serosa line

A

lines internal body cavity walls (outside of the membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the visceral serosa cover

A

covers internal organs (viscera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what separates the double layer in the serous membrane?

A

serous fluid separate layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is fiscia

A

a word that describes a sheet or band of connective tissue that lies just below the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the purpose of fascia

A

attach skin to underlying structures (muscles mostly)

separate muscles and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the three classifications of fascia

A

superficial
deep
visceral and parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the superficial fascia do

A

blends the dermis with other structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the deep fascia do

A

separates muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the visceral and parietal fascia do

A

supports, covers, and separates internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two main regions of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is the epidermis in relation to skin, its tissue type, and is avascular or vascular

A

superficial region, epithelial tissue and is avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is dermis, what tissue type, and is it avascular or vascular

A

under epidermis, fibrous connective tissue, vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the hypodermis, what tissues, and its purpose

A

subcutaneous layer deep to skin, adipose tissue and areolar connective tissue
absorbs shock and insulates
anchors skin to underlying structures (muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 6 functions of the integumentary system?

A 
protection
body temp regulation
synthesis of vitamin D
excretion
sensation
immune function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does the skin regulate body temp

A

constrict if cold and dilate if hot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the process of vitamin D synthesis

A

cholecalciferol into skin -> liver -> calcitriol in kidney (finished vitamin D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is rickets and its relation to vitamin D

A

weak bone die to lack of calcium and phosphorus

due to lack of vitamin D so it cannot be absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the thickness of thick and thin epidermis (stratified squamous epithelial)

A

.1-.15 mm

.5-4.5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is thick skin found (stratified squamous epithelial)

A

in palms and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is the epidermis avascular or vascular

A

avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are epidermal ridges

A

project into dermis and keep the two together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the epidermal 5 cell types (top to bottom respectively)

A 
keratinocytes 
langerhans (dendritic cells) 
merkel (tactile cells)
melanocytes 
stem cells (basal cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
stem cells (basal cells) epidermis - what layer - purpose
Stratum basale layer | attaches to dermis and give rise to keranitocytes
26
Melanocytes - what layer - purpose
Stratum basale layer | produce the protein melanin (pigment)
27
Merkel (tactile) cells - what layer - purpose
Stratum basale Mechanoreceptor: make contact with sensory neurons to elicit sensation of light touch only sensory cell in epidermis
28
What is a merkel's disc two components
merkel cell and nerve ending
29
Langerhans (dendritic) cells - what layer - what purpose
``` Stratum spinosum immune cells (phagocytic) that respond against microbes and cancers and can call other immune cells ```
30
Keranitocytes | -purpose and what is produced
most abundant cell type synthesize and accumulate the protein keratin produce lamellar granules or lipid secretions
31
how many layers are in the epidermis
4-5 layers
32
what do lemellar granules do?
moisturize skin
33
what are the 5 layers respective deep to superficial
stratum basale -> stratum spinosum -> stratum granulosum -> (stratum lucidum) -> stratum corneum
34
stratum basale - layer size - purpose - what cells
single cell of cuboidal and columnar cells source of cell renewal melanocytes and merkel cells
35
stratum spinosum - layer size - purpose - what cells
8-10 layers of keratinocytes keratinocytes appear spikey (prickle cells) and contain a web of intermediate filaments connected to desmosomes to resists pull and friction melancytes and langerhans cells
36
stratum granulosum - layer size - purpose - what is released?
3-5 cell layers disintegration of organelles release lamellar granules
37
``` stratum lucidum (only thick skin) -what is this layer made of and what is its purpose ```
densly packed keratinocytes | reduce friction
38
stratum corneum - layer size - what does it lack - purpose
15-30 layers lack nuclei water resistant and provides protection
39
in what layer is the melanocytes found
stratum basale
40
what do melanocytes contain and what do they synthesis
melanosomes | melanin (from amino acid tyrosine)
41
how does melanin travel and what does it provide
exocytosis and cells take it in and it surrounds the nucleus to protect from sunlight (UV)
42
what 2 things can affect the pigmentation of epidermis
melanin and carotene
43
how does blood flow affect epidermis pigmentation? | 4 colors
bright red if oxygenated dark red/purple if deoxygenated blue if not enough oxygen in blood pale if decreased blood flow
44
what is the papillary layer
superficial layer of areolar connective tissue consisting of loose, interlacing collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels
45
what are dermal papillae
fingerlike projections up into epidermis containing capillary loops, free nerve endings, and meissners corpuscles
46
how much % does the reticular layer take up of dermal thickness
80%
47
what are the two fibers in reticular layer
elastic- provide stretch recoil | collagen- strong and bind water (skin hydration)
48
what is the cutaneous plexus
network of blood vessels between reticular layer and hypodermis
49
what is glabrous skin
skin with no hair
50
what is a corpuscle
bag of skin that surrounds a nerve
51
Mechanoreceptors: merkel's disks - what layer - how does it receive sense of touch
stratum basale | touch and pressure (especially glabrous skin)
52
Mechanoreceptors: meissner's corpuscle - what layer - how does it receive sense of touch
dermal papillae | to fine touch and pressure
53
Mechanoreceptors: ruffini corpuscle - what layer - how does it receive sense of touch
deep dermis | skin distortion and pressure
54
Mechanoreceptors: pacinian corpuscle - what layer - how does it receive sense of touch - special property
deep dermis/hypodermis deep pressure and vibration can take form to things (like a ring)
55
Mechanoreceptors: nerve endings - what does it surround - how does it receive sense of touch
surround hair root | sensitive to hair movement
56
Nails: nail root description
contains stratum basale that gives rise to nail
57
Nails: nail body description
visible portion of the nail
58
Nails: nail bed description
the epidermal layer below the nail body
59
Nails: lunula description
base of nail where blood vessels are not visible (white spot on nail)
60
Nails: cuticle (eponychium) description
extension of stratum corneum from the root over base of nail (skin liz takes off)
61
what are the 4 purposes of hair
warning system (bug on skin) protect heat lost protect from physical trauma (hair on head) protect from sunlight
62
Hair: keratin description
a fibrous protein that protects epithelial cells in the skin. extemely tough (found in hair)
63
where is keratin produced in hair
hair follicles
64
Hair: Vellus hair description
small, short, and delicate
65
Hair: terminal hair description
large, course, and usually pigmented
66
Hair: Follicle description
thin pocket of epidermis within surrounding connective tissue sheath
67
Hair: Hair papilla description
indentation (bottom notch) in connective tissue and the very bottom tip of hair (blood vessels)
68
Hair: Hair bulb description
Surrounds papilla and is site of production (most active)
69
Hair: hair root description
anchors hair, extends from base to halfway to skin surface
70
Hair: hair shaft description
extends from halfway to surface (dead keratin)
71
Hair: arrector pili muscle description
pulls hair to stand on end and goosebumps
72
how much does hair grow a day on the scalp
.33 mm
73
where is the hair matrix and what is it the site of
within hair bulb and site of epidermal stem cells
74
what are the three layers to hair growth (in order of less to more keratin and middle to outer layers)
Medulla, cortex, cuticle
75
what is Adrogenic alopecia and what does it cause
hormonal influence of hair growth on a genetically prone scalp and it causes pattern baldness
76
what is the process to create dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
testosterone -> 5 alpha reductase -> dihydrotestosterone
77
what causes male pattern baldness
dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
78
Modes of glandular secretion: merocrine
exocytosis
79
Modes of glandular secretion: apocrine
top of cell breaks off
80
Modes of glandular secretion: holocrine
cell bursts then is released
81
what is a common holocrine secretion and what is it made of
Sebum- complex mixture of lipids
82
what is the 3 functions of sebum
waterproofing, moisturizing, antimicrobial action
83
where are most sebaceous (sebum) glands found and not found
from hair follicles and not in thick skin
84
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands two types
eccrine (merocrine) glands and apocrine sweat gland (BOTH MEROCRINE GLANDS)
85
Eccrine (merocrine) gland: found where and what is its products ingredients?
found everywhere without a hair follicle | 99% water, salts, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin, metabolic wastes
86
What do eccrine (merocrine) glands regulate and what activates them
regulate temp of body and is activated by the nervous system
87
what is the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
apocrine are connected to hair (armpits) and associated with sweat (remember both are merocrine)
88
what does the word cera mean?
wax
89
what are ceruminous glands and what do they combine
combine sebum and their own secretion to form a wax like, thick substance
90
what is basal cell carcinoma (non melanoma) and is it lethal
most common skin cancer but least lethal (75% if all skin cancer)
91
what is squamous cell carcinoma (non melanoma) and how common and lethal
second most common type of skin cancer, more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma
92
what is melignant melanoma (melanoma) and is it lethal
cancerous melanocytes and most aggressive
93
What is the A of skin cancer
assymetry (nonuniform in appearance)
94
What is the B of skin cancer
border (irregular outline)
95
What is the C of skin cancer
color (mixture of colors)
96
What is the D of skin cancer
diameter (larger than 5mm-pencil eraser)
97
What is the E of skin cancer
evolving (changes in ABCD)
98
how deep does a first degree burn go?
epidermis
99
how deep does a second degree burn go?
epidermis, dermis
100
how deep does a third degree burn go?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
101
how deep does a fourth degree burn go?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, muscle and bone
102
first and second degree burns are what thickness of burns?
parietal
103
third and fourth degree burns are what thickness of burns?
full
104
rule of nines in burns meaning
% of body burned
105
Rule of nines %: anterior head and neck
4 1/2%
106
Rule of nines %: posterior head and neck
4 1/2%
107
Rule of nines %: anterior trunk
18%
108
Rule of nines %: posterior trunk
18%
109
Rule of nines %: anterior right arm (forearm)
4 1/2%
110
Rule of nines %: posterior right arm
4 1/2%
111
Rule of nines %: perineum (genitals)
1%
112
Rule of nines %: anterior right leg
9%
113
Rule of nines %: posterior right leg
9%
114
Rule of nines %: anterior left leg
9%
115
Rule of nines %: posterior left leg
9%
116
Rule of nines %: anterior left arm (forearm)
4 1/2%
117
Rule of nines %: posterior left arm
4 1/2%

Biology 201 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions