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EMBRYO Block 3 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the epidermis origin from

A

ectoderm ( surface)

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2
Q

how much does the skin make up the total body weight

A

16%

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3
Q

what is the dermis derived from

A

mesenchyme ( somtie)

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4
Q

initially the embryo is covered by what

A

a layer of ectodermal cells

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5
Q

what are the two layers of the ectodermal cells that the baby is covered in originally

A

peridurm and basal layer

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6
Q

when does the single layer of ectodermal cells divide into two

A

at the beginning of second month

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7
Q

what is another name for periderm

A

epitrichium

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8
Q

what is the “flattened” layer of cells in the ectodermal layers

A

peroderm

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9
Q

when does the periderm become the stratum corneum

A

after week 21

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10
Q

in the embryo the cells of the periderm continually undergo what

A

keratinization and desquamation

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11
Q

what are the exfoliated peridermal cells called

A

vernix caseosa

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12
Q

what will make sure that the baby will be easily able to slide out of the vagina and this will attach to the lanugo of the baby and look like white cheesy stuff

A

vernix caseosa

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13
Q

how many days does it take for cells in the basal layer to travel up

A

28

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14
Q

where are melanocytes derived from

A

neural crest cells

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15
Q

what does the vernix caseosa consist of

A

sebum from sebaceous glands and the dead cells from the periderm(corneum strata)

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16
Q

what protects the developing skin from constant exposure to amniotic fluid that has a high urine content

A

vernix

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17
Q

replacement of the peridermal cells continues till when? ( remember this is when the periderm becomes the stratum corneum)

A

week 21

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18
Q

what are epidermal ridges

A

they are proliferation of the stratum basal layer

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19
Q

what produces grooves on the surface of the palms and soles “fingerpirnts”

A

epidermal ridges

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20
Q

what can affect the development of ridge patterns

A

abnormal chromosome complements

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21
Q

what baby will have the pathognomonic sign, single palmar crease

A

trisomony 21

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22
Q

what is the result of melanocytes becoming mutated when they have had too musch exposure to the sun

A

melanoma

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23
Q

who can have acromelanoma and where will it appear

A

dark people

and it will be in the soles and palms of the body

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24
Q

what is the four step rule when examining Nevi

A

A- Asymmetry
B- Border
C- Color
D- Dimension

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25
Q

normal nevi should be how big

A

less then 5 mm

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26
Q

from what age is a child very susceptable to UV rays

A

0-6months

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27
Q

late in the embryonic stage nerual crest cells migrate to the dermis and differentiate into what

A

melanoblasts

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28
Q

where do melanoblast migrate too and differentiate into melanocytes

A

dermoepidermal junction

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29
Q

pigment can see in what babies

A

in dark races, not white

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30
Q

what are langerhann cells derived from

A

bone marrow ( mesoderm)

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31
Q

what does thick sin not have

A

arrector pili muscle or sebacous glands

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32
Q

the cells in the dermis have what origin

A

mesoderm

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33
Q

what wee do mesenchymal cells start to make collagenous and elastic CT fibers

A

week 11

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34
Q

what provides nurishment to the epidermis and is located in the papillary layer of the dermis

A

capillary loops

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35
Q

what is the formation of new capillaires? when does it start in utero

A

week 5- angiogenesis

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36
Q

when is the major vascualture of the fetus determined

A

by the end of the 1st trimester

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37
Q

what are known as epidermal downgrowths ) cellular buds) that go into the underlying mesenhcyme

A

eccrin sweat glands

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38
Q

when will baby start to sweat

A

a couple hours after birth

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39
Q

where are apocrine swet glands usually seen

A

in the axilla, pubic, and perineal regions and areaola of the nipples

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40
Q

which glands open into the upper part of the hair follicle

A

apocrine sweat glands

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41
Q

what are the group of skin disorders called that result from excessive keratinization

A

Ichtiosis

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42
Q

what is it called when the skin is very thick like they are covered in scales and the development of hair follicles are blocked

A

ichtiosis vulagris

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43
Q

wat defect has linear ruptures of the skin

A

ichtiosis vulgaris

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44
Q

how to treat ichtiosis vulgaris

A

corticosteroids

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45
Q

what is the rare keratinizing disorder that is autosomal recessive. the skin will be very thick, ridged, and cracked, the baby usually dies within the 1st week of life

A

harlequin fetus

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46
Q

what is the disorder where the baby is covered by a taut membrane that looks like parchment. the membrane will shed after some weeks

A

collodion infant

47
Q

collodian infant can be confused with what

A

harlequin infant

48
Q

what is the autosomal recessive disorder that looks like a colodian infant but the scaling persists and the growht of hair is interupted, and sweat gland are usually stopped

A

lamellar ichtiosis

49
Q

what happens when lamellar ichtiosis is cloose to the eyes

A

the conjuncta will turn outward

50
Q

what is the disorder that is hereditary that involves teh ectodermal origin. teath can be absent or partially absent and hair, nails, and skin can be affeced

A

congenital ectodermal dysplasia

51
Q 
what involves both ectoderm and endodermal tissue and consists of ectodermal dysplasia 
-hypopigmentation of the skin and hair
- skanty hair and eyebrows
no eyelashes 
- microdontia
-- hypodontia
A

Ectrodactyl-ectodermal dysplasia- clefting syndrome

52
Q

what is lobster claw syndrome called

A

ectrodactylt

53
Q

what is the skin disease that is characterized by excess cell proliferation in the stratum basale and spinosum and there will be thick epidermis and short regeneraion tim
= red patches with skin cells on top

A

Psoriasis

54
Q

is clefting syndroe autosomal dominant or recessive

A

dominant

55
Q

these individuals with this defect will have abnormalities in collagen type 1 and 3 and they will have stretchy and fragile skin, hypermobile joints, aneuryss of vessels and rupture of bowels

A

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

56
Q

what are the autosomal disorders that are characterized by bulla ( blister) formation. there is a mutation in laminin 5 so the stratum basal and the basement membrane do not adhere to each other. the epidermis is intact but it separates from the dermis

A

JEB- Junctional epidermolysis bullosa

57
Q

what angioma only consist of arteries and veins

A

cavernous angioma

58
Q

what angioma consist of lymph

A

cystic lymphangioma or cystic hygromas

59
Q

what is the flat, pink or red flame like blotch usually in the posterior side of the neck

A

nevua flammeus ( also can be called rubi nevus)

60
Q

what is large and dark and is almost always anterior or lateral on the face and neck ( has very little complications)

A

port wine stain syndrome

61
Q

what is the hemangioma in the area of the trigeminal nerve that is associated with angiomas of the meninges of the brain

A

sturge-weber syndrome

62
Q

generalized albinism is what kind of trait

A

autosomal recessive

63
Q

melanocytes fail to produce what in albinism

A

melanin

64
Q

what is the defect that lacks melanin in patches of the skin and or hairs

A

piebaldsim

65
Q

when do mammary buds begin to develop

A

6th week

66
Q

what are the solid down growths of epidermis into the mesenchyme under neath that develop during the 6th week

A

mammary buds

67
Q

mammary glands are modified what

A

sweat glands

68
Q

when does mamary crest appear

A

week 4

69
Q

mammary crest starts by going from where to where

A

axilla to inguinal region

70
Q

what induces canalization in mammary buds

A

placental sex hormones

71
Q

in the newborn what are nipple like

A

poorly formed and depressed

72
Q

witch’s milk

A

this happens because of maternal hormones and baby nipple secretes only for a bit

73
Q

wat is the first sign of puberty in girls

A

talarchia ( breast budding)

74
Q

when males have development of lactiferous ducts in male mammary tissue it is called

A

gynecomastia (klein felter has this forever)

75
Q

polymastia?

A

supernumerary nipples appears in 1% of female population , common in men and mistaken for moles

76
Q

when do hair develop

A

9-12 week

77
Q

when are hairs recognizable

A

week 20

78
Q

when the hair buds become club shaped they form what

A

hair bulbs

79
Q

the epithelial of the hair bulb is what

A

germinal matrix

80
Q

what is the form of alopecia that happens to women and can happen especially after pregnancy

A

alopecia areata ( between age 20-30)

81
Q

congenital alopecia can be caused by what

A

the failure of hair follicles to develop

82
Q

what is the loss of all head hair and is autoimmune

A

alopecia totalis

83
Q

what is it called when people have excessive hair because the lanugo doesnt go away

A

hypertichosis

84
Q

localizedf hypertichosis is associated with

A

spinal bifida

85
Q

what is the disorder called when the hairs are twisted and bent they can also have distorted nails

A

pili torti

86
Q

when do nails begin to develop

A

week 10

87
Q

nail fields are surrounded by what

A

nail folds

88
Q

what is the thing that covers the nail plate and then degenerates to being the cuticle

A

eponichium

89
Q

what is results from the failure of nail felid to form or for proximal nail fold to forma nail plate

A

congenital anonychia

90
Q

who has nail clubing

A

people with TB and cystic fibrosis

91
Q

what are the 2 sets of teeth we have

A

deciduous and permanent

92
Q

what 3 things do teeth develop from

A
  • oral ectoderm
  • mesenchyme
  • nerual crst cells
93
Q

what is the continuous process that invloves reciprocal induction between neural crest mesenchyme and overlying oral epithelium

A

odontogenesis

94
Q

when are decduous teeth suppsoed to form

A

6-8 months

95
Q

when are permenant teeth supossed to come

A

7-8 years

96
Q

what are the 3 stages of tooth development

A

bud
cap
bell

97
Q

in what stage does the dental lamina develop 10 centers of prolifertion

A

bud stage

98
Q

in what stage does the bud become cap shaped due to invagination of mesencym that forms dental papilla and dental follicle

A

cap stage

99
Q

in this stage the dental papilla differentiate into odontoblasts which make predentine that later calcifis and becomes dentin

A

bell stage

100
Q

what is the 2nd hardest tissue in the body

A

dentin

101
Q

what is the hardest tissue int he body

A

enamal

102
Q

ameolblast produce?

A

enamal

103
Q

when does the root of the tooth begin to develop only after dentin and enamal are well formed

A

bell stage

104
Q

what is a derivative of the dental sac that holds to tooth into the alveolus ( bony socket)

A

periodontal lig

105
Q

what is it called when the tooth emerges from its developmental postion in the jaw

A

tooth eruption

106
Q

what teeth erupt first mandibular or maxillary

A

mandibular

107
Q

when are all 20 teeth precent in healthy children

A

by the end of the 2nd year

108
Q

what results in the increase in the depth of the face of children

A

when the alveolar processes lengthen because adult teeth are coming in

109
Q

what are natal teeth

A

whn there are 2 mandibular incisors present at berth

110
Q

what is it called when there is an enamal formation problem

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

111
Q

what is it called whe the teeth are brown to grey blue becuase odontoblast arent forming dentin

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

112
Q

what s tetracyclins

A

it is something that shouldn’t be give between 10-14 weeks of postnatal it affects the enamel and dentine becuse it binds to hydroxyapatite

113
Q

tetracyline shouldnt be given to who

A

pregnants and children under 8

EMBRYO Block 3 (5 decks)

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