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PPS 911 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Which vitamin is produced in the integumentary system?

A

vitamin D

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2
Q

What are seven functions of the integumentary system?

A

protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D production, excretion, immunity

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3
Q

What are four structures that are part of the integument?

A

skin, hair, nails, glands

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4
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue

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5
Q

What is the most superficial skin layer?

A

epidermis

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6
Q

Which layer of the skin is technically not part of the skin but connects skin to underlying structures so is classified with them?

A

subcutaneous tissue

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7
Q

Which skin layer lends structural strength to the skin?

A

dermis

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8
Q

Which skin layer, dermis or epidermis, is vascular?

A

dermis

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9
Q

How do cells in the epidermis get the nourishment they need for metabolism?

A

nutrients must diffuse from capillaries in the dermis, through the basement membrane, and into epidermis cells (epidermis cells farther from dermis less metabolically active)

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10
Q

What are four types of cells in the epidermis?

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans’ cells, Merkel’s cells

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11
Q

Which epidermal cells are specialized for sensation?

A

Merkel’s cells

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12
Q

Is thick skin always literally thicker than thin skin?

A

No, thick or thin just refers to the number of layers

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13
Q

How many epidermal cell layers are in thick skin and where are two places it is found?

A

five layers, found in palms, bottom of feet

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14
Q

How many epidermal layers are in thin skin?

A

four

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15
Q

What does it mean to say that epidermal cells desquamate?

A

they fall (slough) off

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16
Q

It is usually not the _____ of melanocytes but the _______ of melanocytes that varies among people and leads to different skin shades.

A

number, metabolic production

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17
Q

What are two pigments that contribute to skin color?

A

melanin, carotene

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18
Q

_______ of melanin in the upper skin cells leads to pigmentation

A

endocytosis

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19
Q

Which skin pigment is fat-soluble?

A

carotene

20
Q

What are ten structures found within the dermis skin layer?

A

fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes (some), blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, lymphatic vessels

21
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

papillary, reticular

22
Q

What is the superficial layer of the dermis, filled with touch receptors and free nerve endings sensing pain?

A

papillary layer

23
Q

Many of the functional structures of the dermis (follicles, nerves, glands, ducts, etc) are in which layer of the dermis?

A

reticular

24
Q

The ______ dermis layer has a lot of areolar connective tissue with lots of elastic fibers, while the ______ dermis layer has dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.

A

papillary, reticular

25
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in the subcutaneous tissue?

A

loose connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

26
Q

What are two other names for the subcutaneous tissue?

A

hypodermis, superficial fascia

27
Q

About half the body’s adipose tissue is found in the _______ tissue

A

subcutaneous

28
Q

What kind of blood supply goes into the hair bulb?

A

arterioles and venules

29
Q

What are the 3 concentric layers of the hair?

A

medulla (center), cortex (bulk), cuticle (surface)

30
Q

What is the average rate of hair growth per day?

A

0.3 mm

31
Q

What is the arrector pili muscle?

A

smooth muscle whose contraction cause the hair to “stand on end”

32
Q

Where do most of the skin’s sebaceous glands empty?

A

into the hair follicle

33
Q

What is the purpose of the oily sebaceous gland secretions?

A

prevents drying, may inhibit bacteria

34
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

merocrine (eccrine), apocrine

35
Q

Which sweat gland is the most common type?

A

merocrine (eccrine)

36
Q

______ sweat glands are active at puberty, secrete organic compounds that when broken down by bacteria lead to BO

A

apocrine

37
Q

______ sweat glands are compound coiled tubular glands that usually secrete into the hair follicle above the sebaceous gland opening

A

apocrine

38
Q

______ sweat glands are simple coiled tubular glands that open directly onto the surface of the skin and have their own pores.

A

merocrine (eccrine)

39
Q

The final sweat product produced by merocrine glands is…

A

hyposmotic

40
Q

Where are ceruminous glands found and what do they secrete?

A

found in the external auditory meatus, secrete earwax (cerumen)

41
Q

Ceruminous glands are modified _______ sweat glands, while mammary glands are modified _____ sweat glands.

A

merocrine, apocrine

42
Q

Temperature regulation in the skin relies on what kind of feedback mechanism?

A

negative

43
Q

Vitamin D is a hormone called what?

A

calcitriol

44
Q

What is the effect of vitamin D?

A

increases the amount of Ca2+ (calcium) in blood

45
Q

What are 3 ways vitamin D (calcitriol) stimulates increased blood calcium levels?

A

stimulates Ca2+ (and PO42-) uptake from intestines, promotes Ca2+ (and PO42-) release from bones, reduces Ca2+ loss from kidneys

PPS 911 (6 decks)

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