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PPS 911 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue consists of _____ and ______ associated with extracellular matrix

A

cells, proteins

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2
Q

What are seven functions of connective tissue?

A

enclose organs as a capsule and separate organs into layers, connect tissues to each other (tendons, ligaments), support and movement (bones), storage (fat), cushion and insulation (fat), transport (blood), protect (immune system)

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3
Q

Cells that end in ______ tend to be responsible for creating the matrix.

A

blast

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4
Q

Cells that end in _____ tend to be responsible for maintaining the matrix

A

cyte

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5
Q

Cells that end in ____ tend to be responsible for breaking the matrix down

A

clast

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6
Q

What are three things that mast cells can release in response to injury?

A

heparin, histamine, proteolytic enzymes (protein digesting)

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7
Q

What are the two types of macrophages?

A

fixed and wandering

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8
Q

What is the most common protein in the body?

A

collagen

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9
Q

What are the three protein fibers of the extracellular matrix?

A

collagen, reticular, elastic (REC)

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10
Q

Which of the three matrix proteins form branching networks and fill the spaces between tissues and organs?

A

Reticular (fills spaces & forms branching networks)

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11
Q

Which protein fiber has molecules that are cross-linked and contain proteins that look like coiled springs?

A

Elastic

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12
Q

What protein makes up elastic fibers?

A

Elastin

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13
Q

What are three types of molecules included in the ground substance?

A

Hyaluronic acid (cushion/lubricant), proteoglycans, adhesive molecules (end in -nectin)

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14
Q

The adhesive molecule in the cartilage is ________, in the bone is ______, and in the fibrous connective tissue is _________

A

chondronectin, osteonectin, fibronectin

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15
Q

What is the purpose of adhesive molecules in the ground substance?

A

Hold proteoglycan aggragates together

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16
Q

Ground substance molecules have ______ attached to them that associate with surrounding water

A

sugars

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17
Q

What are the two classifications of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose (areolar), dense

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18
Q

______ connective tissue proper has no orderly struture, while ______ fibers form thick bundles filling extracellular spaces

A

loose, dense

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19
Q

In what two groups of people is brown fat commonly found?

A

newborns, people who work outside a lot

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20
Q

What is the difference between yellow and brown fat?

A

Brown fat releases most of its energy as heat when it’s metabolized, while yellow fat doesn’t

21
Q

Where are chondrocytes located in cartilage?

A

lacunae

22
Q

The protein part of proteoglycans attaches to hyaluronic acid in order to….

A

trap alot of water

23
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

24
Q

Why does cartilage heal so slowly?

A

It is highly avascular and has no nerve supply

25
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage is called the ____________

A

perichondrium

26
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

27
Q

______ of the perichondrium can differentiate into chondroblasts

A

fibroblasts

28
Q

Which type of cartilage has large amount of collagen fivers evenly distributed in the proteoglycan matrix?

A

hyaline

29
Q

Which type of cartilage has thick collagen fibers distributed in the proteoglycan matrix?

A

Fibrocartilage

30
Q

Which type of cartilage has elastic and collagen fibers embedded in proteoglycans?

A

Elastic

31
Q

Where is fibrocartilage typically found?

A

in areas where great pressure applied (between vertebrae, jaw)

32
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage typically found?

A

rib cage, trachea, bronchi

33
Q

Where is elastic cartilage typically found?

A

external ears, epiglottis

34
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

spongy, compact

35
Q

What is the organic part of bone? What is the inorganic?

A

collagen fibers (organic), hydroxyapatite (Ca and PO4)

36
Q

_____ bone is arranged in concentric circle layers, and is found on periphery of bones

A

compact

37
Q

What makes the matrix of the blood (plasma) different from the matrix of other connective tissues?

A

Plasma is formed by other tissues unlike the other ct types

38
Q

What are the formed elements of the blood?

A

red cells, white cells, platelets

39
Q

Where is hematopoietic tissue found?

A

in bone marrow

40
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow?

A

red and yellow

41
Q

What does red marrow form?

A

red and white cells

42
Q

As children grow, _____ marrow replaces a lot of the ____ marrow

A

yellow, red

43
Q

A fibroblast decides which connective tissue to form based on what kinds of signals?

A

chemical and mechanical

44
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

45
Q

Which of the muscle types are involuntary?

A

smooth and cardiac

46
Q

What is the difference between smooth and cardiac muscle?

A

Cardiac muscle is striated, smooth is not

47
Q

Is skeletal muscle striated?

A

yes

48
Q

Support cells of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves are called…

A

neuroglia

PPS 911 (6 decks)

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