Connective Tissue Flashcards
Connective tissue consists of _____ and ______ associated with extracellular matrix
cells, proteins
What are seven functions of connective tissue?
enclose organs as a capsule and separate organs into layers, connect tissues to each other (tendons, ligaments), support and movement (bones), storage (fat), cushion and insulation (fat), transport (blood), protect (immune system)
Cells that end in ______ tend to be responsible for creating the matrix.
blast
Cells that end in _____ tend to be responsible for maintaining the matrix
cyte
Cells that end in ____ tend to be responsible for breaking the matrix down
clast
What are three things that mast cells can release in response to injury?
heparin, histamine, proteolytic enzymes (protein digesting)
What are the two types of macrophages?
fixed and wandering
What is the most common protein in the body?
collagen
What are the three protein fibers of the extracellular matrix?
collagen, reticular, elastic (REC)
Which of the three matrix proteins form branching networks and fill the spaces between tissues and organs?
Reticular (fills spaces & forms branching networks)
Which protein fiber has molecules that are cross-linked and contain proteins that look like coiled springs?
Elastic
What protein makes up elastic fibers?
Elastin
What are three types of molecules included in the ground substance?
Hyaluronic acid (cushion/lubricant), proteoglycans, adhesive molecules (end in -nectin)
The adhesive molecule in the cartilage is ________, in the bone is ______, and in the fibrous connective tissue is _________
chondronectin, osteonectin, fibronectin
What is the purpose of adhesive molecules in the ground substance?
Hold proteoglycan aggragates together
Ground substance molecules have ______ attached to them that associate with surrounding water
sugars
What are the two classifications of connective tissue proper?
Loose (areolar), dense
______ connective tissue proper has no orderly struture, while ______ fibers form thick bundles filling extracellular spaces
loose, dense
In what two groups of people is brown fat commonly found?
newborns, people who work outside a lot
What is the difference between yellow and brown fat?
Brown fat releases most of its energy as heat when it’s metabolized, while yellow fat doesn’t
Where are chondrocytes located in cartilage?
lacunae
The protein part of proteoglycans attaches to hyaluronic acid in order to….
trap alot of water
Is cartilage vascular or avascular?
avascular
Why does cartilage heal so slowly?
It is highly avascular and has no nerve supply
Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage is called the ____________
perichondrium
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
______ of the perichondrium can differentiate into chondroblasts
fibroblasts
Which type of cartilage has large amount of collagen fivers evenly distributed in the proteoglycan matrix?
hyaline
Which type of cartilage has thick collagen fibers distributed in the proteoglycan matrix?
Fibrocartilage
Which type of cartilage has elastic and collagen fibers embedded in proteoglycans?
Elastic
Where is fibrocartilage typically found?
in areas where great pressure applied (between vertebrae, jaw)
Where is hyaline cartilage typically found?
rib cage, trachea, bronchi
Where is elastic cartilage typically found?
external ears, epiglottis
What are the two types of bone?
spongy, compact
What is the organic part of bone? What is the inorganic?
collagen fibers (organic), hydroxyapatite (Ca and PO4)
_____ bone is arranged in concentric circle layers, and is found on periphery of bones
compact
What makes the matrix of the blood (plasma) different from the matrix of other connective tissues?
Plasma is formed by other tissues unlike the other ct types
What are the formed elements of the blood?
red cells, white cells, platelets
Where is hematopoietic tissue found?
in bone marrow
What are the two types of bone marrow?
red and yellow
What does red marrow form?
red and white cells
As children grow, _____ marrow replaces a lot of the ____ marrow
yellow, red
A fibroblast decides which connective tissue to form based on what kinds of signals?
chemical and mechanical
What are the three types of muscle?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Which of the muscle types are involuntary?
smooth and cardiac
What is the difference between smooth and cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle is striated, smooth is not
Is skeletal muscle striated?
yes
Support cells of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves are called…
neuroglia
