Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two layers of the skin?

A

epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false: the dermis is 10-20 times thicker than the epidermis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

___ provides protection, ___ provides structural strength

A

epidermis, dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The skin rests on the ___ tissue; a layer of connective tissue

A

subcutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis made of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the cells change shape and chemical composition; it becomes filled with the protein keratin which makes them more rigid and durable

A

Keratinization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enumerate the strata of the epidermis from most superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Consists of cuboidal or columnar cells; Undergoes mitotic division every 19 days

A

Stratum Basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Has a flattened appearance; Accumulates lipid filled vesicles called lamellar bodies

A

Stratum Spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flat and diamond shaped; The cells accumulate more keratin and release the content of the lamellar bodies to the extracellular space

A

Stratum Granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thin, clear zone; The cells of this layer no longer have nuclei or organelles making cells stain more lightly

A

Stratum Lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skin that has all five layers of the epidermis

A

Thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Skin that lacks the stratum lucidum

A

Thin skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most superficial layer; Consists of 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells filled with keratin joined by desmosomes

A

Stratum Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sloughed cells from the surface of the scalp

A

Dandruff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

formed when the layers of stratum corneum increases when subjected to friction

A

Callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a cone-shaped structure that can form in body areas due to layering

A

Corn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis made of?

A

Dense collagenous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

___ and ___ are responsible for the strength of the dermis

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

orientation of collagen fibers in different directions; the skin is most resistant to stretch along these lines

A

Cleavage lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

damage in the dermis caused by overstretching

A

Stretch marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

projections on the upper part of the dermis; supplies nutrients to the dermis

A

Dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

patterns that shape the overlying epidermis

A

Friction ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

delivers material to the blood slowly; administered by inserting a small needle at a shallow angle into the dermis

A

Intradermal injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a short needle into the adipose tissue

A

Subcutaneous injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

delivers material to the blood faster the intradermal or subcutaneous; inserting a long needle at a 90 degree angle into a muscle deep to the subcutaneous tissue

A

Intramuscular injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or false: the thickness of the stratum corneum is one of the factors that determine skin color

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

group of pigments responsible for skin, hair, and eye color; also provides protection against UV light from the sun

A

Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

produces melanin; Located between the stratum basale and stratum spinosum. Have long processes that extend between the epithelial cells deep into the epidermis

A

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

vesicles where melanin is packaged

A

Melanosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin resulting in fair skin, white hair, and unpigmented irises in the eyes

A

Albinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a decrease of O2 in the blood producing a bluish color of the skin

A

Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots

A

Carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

True or false: large consumption of carrotene rich food can turn the skin yellowish

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Most common type of cancer

A

Skin cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Who are the people most likely to be affected by skin cancer?

A

Fair-skinned people and those older than 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

the most frequent type, with little chance that this type of cancer will spread or metastasize to other areas

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale; results to nodular, keratinized tumor confined to the epidermis

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

rare form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually a in a preexisting mole; it is common and often fatal unless diagnosed and treated early in development

A

Malignant Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

aka as the hypodermis

A

subcutaneous tissue

41
Q

True or false: the subcutaneous tissue is part of the skin

A

False - it is not part of the skin but it attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle

42
Q

Acceptable percentage of body fat for females

A

21-30%

43
Q

Acceptable percentage of body fat for males

A

13-25%

44
Q

Attached or embedded into the skin

A

accessory skin structures

45
Q

Found everywhere on the skin, except on the palms, soles, lips, nipples, parts of the genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toes

A

hair

46
Q

invagination of the epidermis that extends deep into the dermis

A

Hair Follicle

47
Q

protrudes above the surface of the skin

A

Hair Shaft

48
Q

part of the hair below the surface

A

Hair Root

49
Q

expanded base of the root; where hair is produced

A

Hair Bulb

50
Q

extension of the dermis that protrudes into the hair bulb; its blood vessels supply the hair bulb with nourishment to produce hair

A

Hair Papilla

51
Q

surrounds the softer center

A

Cortex

52
Q

soft center of the hair

A

Medulla

53
Q

single layer or overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle

A

Cuticle

54
Q

True or false: If the surface epidermis is damaged, the epithelial cells within the hair follicle can divide and serve as a source of new epithelial cells

A

True

55
Q

smooth muscle cells; when it contracts it causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin’s surface and raises an area of the skin called a “goose bump”

A

Arrector Pili

56
Q

True or false: hair is produced in cycles of growth and rest

A

True

57
Q

stage where hair is formed by epithelial cells within the hair bulb; they divide and undergo keratinization

A

Growth stage

58
Q

Stage wherein growth stops and the hair is held in the hair follicle

A

Resting stag

59
Q

Eyelashes grow for about ___ days and rest for ___ days

A

30, 105

60
Q

Scalp hairs grow for ___ years and rest for ___ years

A

3, 1-2

61
Q

Major glands of the skin

A

Sebaceous and sweat glands

62
Q

oily, white substance rich in lipids; lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin

A

Sebum

63
Q

simple coiled tubular glands; Numerous in the palms and soles; Open onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores

A

Eccrine glands

64
Q

True or false: Emotional sweating can occur in the palms, soles, armpits, and other places

A

True

65
Q

simple, coiled tubular glands; Produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances; They open into hair follicles, but only in the armpits and genitalia

A

Apocrine Glands

66
Q

When does the apocrine glands start to become active?

A

puberty

67
Q

What causes body odor?

A

organic secretion of the apocrine glands being broken down by bacteria

68
Q

A thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum that contain a very hard type of keratin

A

Nail

69
Q

visible part of the nail

A

Nail Body

70
Q

part of the nail covered by skin

A

Nail Root

71
Q

stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body

A

Cuticle

72
Q

where the nail root extends distally

A

Nail Matrix

73
Q

where the nail also attaches; epithelial tissue with a stratum basale that gives rise to the cells that form the nail

A

Nail Bed

74
Q

whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail

A

Lunula

75
Q

True or false: nails have a resting stage

A

False - unlike hair, nails doesn’t have a resting stage

76
Q

The intact skin acts as a ___ to the diffusion of water from the deeper tissues to the epidermis.

A

barrier

77
Q

___ acts as a heat insulator

A

hair

78
Q

What stimulates the small intestine to absorb calcium and phosphate which are needed for normal bone growth and normal muscle function?

A

Vitamin D

79
Q

True or false: Ammonia cannot be relased through sweat

A

False - along with urea and uric acid, ammonia can be excreted through our sweat but only in small amounts

80
Q

a yellowish skin color resulting from liver damaged by a disease such as hepatitis

A

Jaundice

81
Q

results when bacteria infecting the throat release a toxin into the blood that causes a reddish rash on the skin

A

Scarlet fever

82
Q

the skin produces excess keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper texture

A

Vitamin A Deficiency

83
Q

the nails lose their normal contour and become flat or concave

A

Iron-deficiency Anemia

84
Q

high levels of lead in the hair can indicate what?

A

Lead poisoning

85
Q

Injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity, or radiation

A

Burns

86
Q

Part of the stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as the edges of the burn

A

Partial-Thickness Burns

87
Q

The epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed, and recovery occurs from the edge of the burn wound.

A

Full-Thickness Burns

88
Q

involve only the epidermis and are red and painful. Slight edema, or swelling, may be present

A

First-degree burns

89
Q

First-degree burns heal in about how many days?

A

7 days (1 week)

90
Q

damage both the epidermis and the dermis

A

Second-degree burns

91
Q

Minimal second degree burns take about ___ weeks to heal, while burns deep into the dermis take ___ to heal.

A

2 weeks, several months

92
Q

True or false: In all second-degree burns, the epidermis is damaged

A

True

93
Q

the epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed.

A

Third-degree burns

94
Q

True or false: you can still feel the pain of the burn in third-degree burns

A

False - sensory receptors would’ve already been destroyed

95
Q

extremely severe burns that affect tissues deeper than the subcutaneous tissue

A

Fourth-degree burns

96
Q

___ or complete removal of the damaged tissue is required with fourth-degree burns

A

Amputation

97
Q

the epidermis and part of the dermis are removed from another part of the body and placed over the burn

A

Split skin graft

98
Q

Why are skin grafts made artificially or from cadavers often unsuccessful?

A

Because the immune system detects them as foreign substances and rejects it

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions