CELLS Flashcards
Basic unit of life and is composed of a cell membrane and the cytoplasm, which includes organelles such as the nucleus.
Cells
Encloses the cytoplasm and forms a boundary
between the material inside the cell and material outside it.
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane consists of 2 ___ layers aranged tail to tail
phospholipid (fat)
True or false: the plasma membrane plays a role in communication between cells
True
Contains phosphorus and form a double layer
of molecules in the plasma membrane
Phospholipids
Are phospholipds polar or non-polar?
Polar - water loving
Substances that float among the phospholipid molecules
Proteins
A waxy fat carried through the bloodstream by
lipoproteins and gives added strength and stability by limiting the movement of phospholipids.
Cholesterol
Type of carbohydrate that acts as
surface receptors and stabilize the membrane and are common in brain cells and nerves.
Glycolipids
completely penetrate or extend into the lipid bilayer; controls the entry and removal of specific molecules.
Integral proteins
loosely attached to the exterior surface of the membrane; have various functions.
Peripheral proteins
Largest organelle
Nucleus
The nucleus is bounded by a ___ consisting of a
double membrane which surrounds the nucleus and
separates its fluid content.
Nuclear envelope
formed by the inner and outer membrane of the nucleus where materials can move into or out of the nucleus.
Nuclear pores
forms ribosome subunits.
Nucleoli
Cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
Two components of the cytoplasm
cytosol and organelles
Fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds organelles
Cytosol
Consist of protein structure that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape
Cytoskeleton
Components of the cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, intermediate fillaments, microtubules
Small fibrils formed from protein subunits that
structurally support the cytoplasm
Microfilaments
Provide mechanical support to the cell
Intermediate filaments
Assist in cell division and the formation of essential components of certain organelles such as cilia and flagella.
Microtubules
Internal structures that perform functions essential to normal cell structure, maintenance, and metabolism
organelles
Made of microtubules and facilitate chromosome
movement during cell division.
Centrioles
Moves substances over the surface of the cell. Numerous in the respiratory tract
Cilia
Whiplike locomotor organelle much longer than cilia and propel the whole cell
Flagella
Minute finger-shaped projections of the cell
membrane and abundant on the surface that line the intestine, kidneys and other areas in which absorption is an important function
Microvilli
Network of folded membranes connected to the membranous nuclear envelope surrounding the nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Studded with ribosomes to synthesize proteins embedded in membranes
Rough ER
No ribosomes attached. Involved in calcium regulation, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.
Smooth ER
Sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
scattered throughout the cytoplasm and synthesize proteins used in cytosol
Free ribosomes
attached to the ER and proteins where they are modified and packaged for export
Fixed ribosomes
Functions to collect, modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids.
Golgi apparatus
Another name for golgi apparatus
Golgi complex
Where is golgi apparatus highly developed?
cells that secrete protein like the salivary glands or the pancreas.
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
What do you call the inner folds of the mitochondria?
Cristae
Small, membrane bound sacs that transports or stores materials within cells
Vesicles