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Practical Nursing > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the intugementary system

A

Mechanical barrier, protects internal structures, participates in immune response, gland for Vitamin D synthesis, performs secretion, performs sensory role, helps regulate temperature

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2
Q

Layers of the intugementary system

A

Epidermis <= epithelial tissue
Dermis <= connective tissue
Subcutaneous
Accessory structures

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3
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum germinativum, deeper layer, cells divide and move toward surface
Stratum corneum, composed of dead flattened cells
Keratinization: begins in epidermis, makes skin cells hard, flat, water resistant

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4
Q

Function of the dermis

A

Lies under and supports the epidermis
Sits on the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
Embedded with accessory structures

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5
Q

Skin tells a story

A

Reflects disease process, drug reactions, mirrors stress levels, chronic irritation

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6
Q

Subcutaneous layer: hypodermis

A

Tissue that lies beneath the skin, highly vascularlized
Roles: Insulates body from extreme temperature changes, its connective tissue anchors skin to underlying structures

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7
Q

Skins, drugs, and chemicals

A

Skin can absorb chemicals
Hypodermic= diabetes
Transdermal= patches
Intradermal= allergy test
Topical

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8
Q

What is skin color determined by?

A

Genes, physiology, sometimes pathology

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9
Q

Dark pigment

A

Melanin
Secreted by melanocytes in the epidermis
Melanocyte malfunctions: Albinism, vitiligo, moles

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10
Q

Yellow pigment

A

Carotene
Presence of melanin can overshadow carotene

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11
Q

Physiological changes

A

Blushing: blood dilation
Pallor: blood vessel contriction

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12
Q

Pathological changes

A

Cyanosis: poor oxygenation
Jaundice: bilrubin deposition
Bronzing: Melanin overproduction
Ecchymosis: black or blue bruising

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13
Q

Accessory structure

A

Hair, nails, glands

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14
Q

Hair

A

Functions: detect insects, protect eyes, keep dust out of lungs
Hormones affect hair growth
Melanin influences color

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15
Q

Where does hair arise from?

A

The epidermis

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16
Q

Nails

A

Free edge, nail body, nail root
Lunula (white part) shows nail growth
Protects tips of fingers and toes
Can reflect deficiencies or issues in blood

17
Q

Glands

A

Sebaceous glands: Oil gland secretes sebum
Sudiferous: Sweat glands

18
Q

Appocrine gland

A

Sudiferous gland
-Associated with hair follicle- more active during puberty

19
Q

Eccicrine glands

A

Sudiferous gland
-Associated with temperature regulation

20
Q

Modified sudiferous glands

A

Mammary glands: secrete milk
Cerumunous glands: secretes ear wax

21
Q

Body temperature terms

A

Corm temperature: inner parts of body
Shell temperature: surface areas of the body
Thermoregulation: balance of heat production and heat loss

22
Q

Heat production

A

Metabolism: basis of body temperature
Blood disperses heat throughout the body
Most heat produced by muscles, liver, and endocrine glands
Can be affected by food consumption, hormones, disease, and physical activity

23
Q

The ways body heat is lost

A

Radiation (body radiates heat), evaporation (body heat –> sweat –> evaporates), conduction (direct contact with an object), convection (heat loss by air or water moving across the skin)

24
Q

What is temperature regulated by?

A

The hypothalamus
-Heat lost by: Dilation of blood vessels, sweating
-Heat conserved by: Shivering, blood vessel; constriction, less sweat

25
Q

Newborns and body temperature

A

Lost more heat than they produce
-Large surface area
-Large bald head
-Less insulation
-Limited capacity to dissipate heat
Because hypothalamus isn’t fully developed babies are at risk for hypothermia

26
Q

Burns are classified by depth

A

Partial thickness: first, second degree
Full thickness: third degree

27
Q

Rule of nines

A

Head and neck: 9%, 4.5/4.5
Arms hands and shoulders: 18% 4.5/4.5, 4.5/4.5
Chest: 36%, 18/18
Groin: 1%
Legs: 9% front and back each leg

Practical Nursing (8 decks)

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