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Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

What structures consist of the integumentary system?

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glandas
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2
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A
  • Protection
  • Body temp regulation
  • Cutaneous sensations
  • Metabolic(vitiman D)
  • Blood reservior
  • Excretion of waste
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3
Q

What is the epidermis?

A
  • Superficial region
  • avascular(no blood supply)
  • Epithelial tissue
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4
Q

What is the dermis?

A
  • Under epidermis
  • Fibrous connective tissue
  • Vascular(has a blood supply)
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5
Q

What is the funtion of the hypodermis?

A
  • Not a layer of the skin
  • Made up of adipose tissue
  • Cushion and insulation
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6
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A
  • Produce keratin; fibrous protein
  • Tough and dense
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7
Q

What are Melanocytes?

A
  • Produces melanin pigment
  • Protects against UV rays
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8
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A
  • Activates immune system
  • macrophages in deep epidermis
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9
Q

What are tactiles?

A
  • Sensory receptors
  • ex. touch
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10
Q

1.Stratum Corneum

A
  • First layer
  • Keratinized dead cells
  • protects; prevents water loss
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11
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A
  • Only in thick skin
  • Translucent
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12
Q

2.Stratum granulosum

A
  • Cells above layer die
  • Due to low blood supply
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13
Q

3.Stratum Spinosum

A
  • Prickly layer
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14
Q

4.Stratum basale

A
  • Deepest layer
  • Stem cells go through mitosis
  • Then move towards surface
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15
Q

1.Papillary

Layer of dermis

A
  • consist of areolar c.t
  • collagen fibers
  • elastic fibers
  • blood vessels
  • forms finger prints
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16
Q

2.Reticular

Layer of dermis

A
  • Consist of coarse dense fibrous c.t
  • elastic fibers; provides stretch
  • collagen fibers; provides strength&reillency
  • binds water; keeps skin hydrated
17
Q

What is melanin?

A
  • Made by melanocytes;shades keratinocytes from UV
  • Skin color differs due to ammount
  • Sun exposure stimulates melanin production
  • freckles/moles are accumilations of melanin
18
Q

What is carotene?

A
  • Yellow to orange pigment
  • Converts to vitiman A for vision and epidermal health
  • In palm/soles
19
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A
  • Pinkish fair skin
  • Due to low melanin
20
Q

What is cyanosis

A
  • Low oxygen levels
  • Bluish skin color
21
Q

What is pallor?

A
  • Anemia; low bp; fear; anger
  • Pale color
22
Q

What is Erythema?

A
  • Fever; hypertension; allergy
  • Redness
23
Q

What is juandice?

A
  • Problems with liver
  • Yellow cast
24
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A
  • Warning of insects on skin
  • Guards against physical trauma
  • Heat loss protection
  • Sheilds skin from sunlight
25
Q

What are sweat glands called?

A

Sudoriferous glands

26
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands?

A
  • Found all over body
  • Most existing in palms, soles, and forehead
  • Sweat=99% water
  • Ducts secrete onto skin surface
27
Q

What are apocrine sweat glands?

A
  • Found in axillary and anogenital areas
  • Viscous sweat; contains fatty substances & proteins
  • begins at puberty
  • ducts secrete on hair follicles
28
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

Secretes earwax

29
Q

What are mammar glands?

A

Secretes milk

30
Q

What are sebaceous(oil) glands?

A
  • Widely distributed
  • Develops from hair follicles and secretes in
  • active at puberty
  • stimulated by hormones, androgens(male hormone)
  • Secretes sebum; an oily holocrine
  • bactericidal(bacteria killing)properties
  • softens hair & skin
31
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A type of cancer

A
  • Least maligmant(cancerous)
  • Stratum basale cells increase; invase dermis and hypodermis
  • cured by sergical excision
32
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma

A type of cancer

A
  • Involves keratinocytes & stratum spinosum
  • scaley, red papule
  • on scalp, ears, low lip, & hands
  • treated by radiation therapy or surgery
33
Q

What is melanoma?

A type of cancer

A
  • Most dangerous
  • Caused by melanocytes
  • highly mestatic
  • Surgical and immunotherapy treatment
34
Q

ABCD rule

Skin cancer detection

A

A: Asymmetry; 2 sides of pigmented area don’t match
B: Border irregularity
C: Contains several colors; varies in different areas; brown, blue, black,etc
D: Diameter; longer than 6mm

35
Q

Rule of nines

evaluate burns

A
  • Estimate volume of fluid loss
  • Each section represents 9% of body surface
  • Genitals is 1%
36
Q

What is a first degree burn?

A
  • Epidermal damage
  • redness, swelling, & pain
37
Q

What is a second degree burn?

A
  • Epidermal and upper dermal is damaged
  • Blisters appear
38
Q

What is a third degree burn?

A
  • Entire thickness of skin
  • Skin turns gray/white, cherry red, or blackened
  • No edema (swelling) seen
  • Area isnt painful because nerve endings are destroyed
  • Skin grafting may be necessary

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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