Bone type

Question 1

What is compact bone?

Answer 1

dense outerlater; bones that appear smooth and solid

Question 2

What is spongy bone?

Answer 2

• made up of trabeculae
• open spaces between trabeculae filled w/ red or yellow bone marrow
• bone marrow scattered throughout spongy bone

Question 3

What is red bone marrow?

Answer 3

• found in trabecular cavities of spongy bone and flat bones (sternum)
• long bones in adults
• head of femur, humerus, hip bone
• in medullary cavities & spongy bone (in new borns)

Question 4

What is yellow bone marrow?

Answer 4

• stores fat cells
• contains mesenchymal
• energy production; develop bone, cartilage, muscles and fat cells
• found in long bones; in medullary cavity

Question 5

Microscopic anatomy of compact bone?

Answer 5

• lamella; made up of bone matrix; runs in different directions
• tensile forces; ability of bone to resist bone breaking under pressure

Question 6

What are the different canals?

Answer 6

• perforating canals: lines w/ endosteum; occurs at right angles
• central canals: contains blood vessels & nerve fibers
• lucunae: small cavities; contains osteocytes
• canaliculi: connects lucanae to eachother (communication wise)

Question 7

Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone

Answer 7

• organized; resist stress and strain factors in bone
• makes bone less heavy
• some areas in body contain red bone marrow

Question 8

What are the organic components of bone?

Answer 8

• all cell types in bone
• ground substance; collagen fibers

Question 9

What are the inorganic components of bone?

Answer 9

• 65% of bone mass
• responsible for hardness and resistance to compression

Question 10

what is the process of bone tissue formation called?

Answer 10

ossification

Question 11

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 11

• long bone formation
• majority of appendicular skeleton
• hyaline cartilage

Question 12

What are the steps of endochondral ossification?

Answer 12

1. bone collar forms
2. cartilage in center of diaphysis calcifies - cavities develop
3. spongy bone forms
4. diaphysis elongates and medullar cavitiy forms
5. epiphysis ossifys

Question 13

What is intramembranous ossification?

Answer 13

• flat bone formation
• clavicles; skull/cranial
• mesenchymal tissue

Question 14

What is the process of intramembrenous ossification?

Answer 14

1. ossification centers form
2. osteoid is secreted within fibrous membrane and calcifies
3. spongy bone forms
4. lamellar bone replaces woven bone; red bone marrow appears

Question 15

What is interstitial growth?

Answer 15

• long bones grow in length
• end of puberty; epiphyseal plate
• becomes epiphyseal line

Question 16

What is appositional growth?

Answer 16

• bones increase in thickness
• lifelong process of remodeling

Question 17

What is bone deposit?

Answer 17

• new bone matrix is deposited; by osteoblasts
• triggers: hormones and mechanical signals (stress)

Question 18

What is bone resorption?

Answer 18

• breaking down bone
• osteoclast breaks down