Integumentary/Skin Flashcards
What are the two major layers of the cutaneous membrane?
dermis and epidermis
What are the two names for the layer that lies beneath the dermis?
hypodermis/subcutaneous layer
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?
it attaches the skin to the underlying tissues and organs
What kind of tissue is the epidermis composed of?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the four major types of cells in the epidermis?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans cells
- Merkel cells
Which cells are involved in immune responses and arise from red bone marrow?
Langerhans cells
Which cells are also called Langerhans cells?
intraepidermal macrophage cells
What is another name for Merkel cells?
tactile epithelial cells
deepest layer of the epidermis, continuous cell division, produces all other layers
stratum basale
What is another name for the stratum basale?
stratum germinativum
Which epidermal layer is only present in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
Which layer of the epidermis contains the most layers of cells?
stratum corneum
layer of the epidermis that contains keratohyalin and lamellar granules
stratum granulosum
contains 8-10 layers of keratinocytes
stratum spinosum
composed of many sublayers of flat, dead keratinocytes called corneocytes or squames that are continuously shed and replaced by cells from deeper strata; constant friction can stimulate formation of a callus
stratum corneum
What is the dermis composed of?
collagen and elastic fibers
What are the two layers of the dermis?
(outer) papillary region and (deeper) reticular region
layer of the dermis that consists of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers, adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands
reticular region
layer of the dermis that consists of areolar connective tissue containing thin collagen and elastic fibers, dermal papillae (including capillary loops), corpuscles of touch (Meissner’s corpuscles), and free nerve endings
papillary region
What are “lines of cleavage”?
“tension lines” in the skin that indicate the predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers
dermatoglyphics
the study of the pattern of epidermal ridges
Name the three pigments responsible for variation in skin color.
- Melanin
- Carotene
- Hemoglobin
What are freckles?
an accumulation of patches of melanin
a condition in which there is a partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin
vitiligo
