Integumentary/Skin

Question 1

What are the two major layers of the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 1

dermis and epidermis

Question 2

What are the two names for the layer that lies beneath the dermis?

Answer 2

hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

Question 3

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 3

it attaches the skin to the underlying tissues and organs

Question 4

What kind of tissue is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 4

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

What are the four major types of cells in the epidermis?

Answer 5

1. Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3. Langerhans cells
4. Merkel cells

Question 6

Which cells are involved in immune responses and arise from red bone marrow?

Answer 6

Langerhans cells

Question 7

Which cells are also called Langerhans cells?

Answer 7

intraepidermal macrophage cells

Question 8

What is another name for Merkel cells?

Answer 8

tactile epithelial cells

Question 9

deepest layer of the epidermis, continuous cell division, produces all other layers

Answer 9

stratum basale

Question 10

What is another name for the stratum basale?

Answer 10

stratum germinativum

Question 11

Which epidermal layer is only present in thick skin?

Answer 11

stratum lucidum

Question 12

Which layer of the epidermis contains the most layers of cells?

Answer 12

stratum corneum

Question 13

layer of the epidermis that contains keratohyalin and lamellar granules

Answer 13

stratum granulosum

Question 14

contains 8-10 layers of keratinocytes

Answer 14

stratum spinosum

Question 15

composed of many sublayers of flat, dead keratinocytes called corneocytes or squames that are continuously shed and replaced by cells from deeper strata; constant friction can stimulate formation of a callus

Answer 15

stratum corneum

Question 16

What is the dermis composed of?

Answer 16

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 17

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 17

(outer) papillary region and (deeper) reticular region

Question 18

layer of the dermis that consists of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers, adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands

Answer 18

reticular region

Question 19

layer of the dermis that consists of areolar connective tissue containing thin collagen and elastic fibers, dermal papillae (including capillary loops), corpuscles of touch (Meissner’s corpuscles), and free nerve endings

Answer 19

papillary region

Question 20

What are “lines of cleavage”?

Answer 20

“tension lines” in the skin that indicate the predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers

Question 21

dermatoglyphics

Answer 21

the study of the pattern of epidermal ridges

Question 22

Name the three pigments responsible for variation in skin color.

Answer 22

1. Melanin
2. Carotene
3. Hemoglobin

Question 23

What are freckles?

Answer 23

an accumulation of patches of melanin

Question 24

a condition in which there is a partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin

Answer 24

vitiligo

Question 25

an inherited inability to produce melanin

Answer 25

albinism

Question 26

Where is carotene found?

Answer 26

stratum corneum, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

Question 27

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 27

secrete an oily substance called sebum which prevents dehydration of hair and skin, and inhibits growth of certain bacteria

Question 28

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 28

eccrine and apocrine

Question 29

Which sweat glands help cool the body?

Answer 29

eccrine glands

Question 30

Which glands produce cerumen?

Answer 30

ceruminous glands

Question 31

Name the 6 functions of skin.

Answer 31

1. regulation of body temperature
2. blood reservoir
3. protection
4. cutaneous sensations
5. excretion and absorption
6. synthesis of vitamin D

Question 32

attached to hair follicle, produces goose bumps

Answer 32

arrector pili muscle

Question 33

small ridges at top of dermis where it contacts the epidermis

Answer 33

dermal papillae

Question 34

coiled gland that secretes onto skin surface

Answer 34

sudoriferous gland