Histology

Question 1

Name the four basic tissue types.

Answer 1

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nerve

Question 2

watertight seal between cells (zipper-like; prevents leakage); plasma membranes fused w/ a strip of proteins

Answer 2

tight junction

Question 3

Which junction is common between cells that line the GI tract and bladder?

Answer 3

tight junction

Question 4

holds epithelial cells together; forms extensive zones called adhesion belts; contains plaque

Answer 4

adherens junction

Question 5

plaque

Answer 5

dense layer of proteins inside the cell membrane

Question 6

resists cellular separation and cell disruption; similar structure to adherans junction, except intracellular intermediate filaments cross cytoplasm of cell

Answer 6

desmosome

Question 7

provides cellular support of cardiac muscle

Answer 7

desmosome

Question 8

What are the basic characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

• closely packed cells forming continuous sheets
• sits on basement membrane
• polar (has free surface)
• avascular (nutrients gained through diffusion)
• good nerve supply
• rapid cell division (constant breakdown and injury)

Question 9

What are the functions of epithelial tissues?

Answer 9

• protect
• filter
• secrete
• absorb
• excrete

Question 10

What are the basic shapes of epithelial surface cells?

Answer 10

• squamous (flat)
• cuboidal
• columnar
• transitional (shape varies w/ tissue stretching)

Question 11

What are the basic layers of epithelial cells?

Answer 11

• simple (one layer thick)
• stratified (many cell layers thick)
• pseudostratified (single layer of cells where all cells don’t reach apical surface; nuclei are found at different layers, so it looks multilayered)

Question 12

Where can you find simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 12

lining of air sacs in lungs, capillaries, lymph vessels, and body cavities

Question 13

Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 13

lining the tubes of kidneys and ducts of glands

Question 14

Which connective tissue forms ligaments and tendons?

Answer 14

dense regular connective tissue

Question 15

white fibrous connective tissue; very poor blood supply; slow to heal

Answer 15

dense regular connective tissue

Question 16

What type of tissue is found in the white of eyeball, dermis of skin, and heart valves?

Answer 16

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 17

This very tough connective tissue can resist tension from any direction because it is made up of collagen fibers that are interwoven.

Answer 17

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 18

Which tissue is found in the lung tissue, vocal cords, ligaments between vertebrae, and the wall of aorta?

Answer 18

elastic connective tissue

Question 19

Which connective tissue is resilient and can endure more stress than loose or dense connective tissue?

Answer 19

cartilage

Question 20

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 20

1. hyaline
2. fibrocartilage
3. elastic

Question 21

Where is hyaline cartilage located?

Answer 21

1. ribs
2. nose
3. trachea
4. larynx

Question 22

Which cartilage has no blood vessels or nerves, making repair very slow?

Answer 22

hyaline cartilage

Question 23

Which cartilage reduces friction at joints?

Answer 23

hyaline cartilage

Question 24

Which cartilage has elastic fibers that help maintain shape after deformations?

Answer 24

elastic cartilage

Question 25

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

Answer 25

1. ears 2. vocal cartilages 3. epiglottis

Question 26

Which is the strongest type of cartilage?

Answer 26

fibrocartilage

Question 27

Where can you find fibrocartilage?

Answer 27

intervertebral discs

Question 28

Which tissue is highly vascular and heals quickly?

Answer 28

bone

Question 29

What are the two types of bone?

Answer 29

1. spongy | 2. compact

Question 30

Which bone structure looks like tree stumps?

Answer 30

compact bone

Question 31

Which connective tissue has a liquid matrix?

Answer 31

blood

Question 32

What cell types can be found in blood?

Answer 32

1. erythrocytes (red blood cells) 2. leukocytes (white blood cells) 3. platelets

Question 33

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 33

1. provide clotting 2. immune functions 3. carry O2 4. carry CO2

Question 34

lamina propria

Answer 34

epithelial layer sitting on a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 35

What are the four types of membranes?

Answer 35

1. mucous 2. serous 3. synovial 4. cutaneous

Question 36

Which membrane is made up of simple squamous cells overlying loose connective tissue (areolar) layer?

Answer 36

serous membrane

Question 37

Which type of membrane are the following: - pleura, peritoneum and pericardium - membrane on walls of cavity = parietal layer - membrane over organs in cavity = visceral layer

Answer 37

serous membrane

Question 38

Which membranes line the joint cavities of all freely movable joints?

Answer 38

synovial membrane

Question 39

What is the structure of the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 39

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium connected to dense irregular connective tissue

Question 40

What types of cells are found in nerve tissue?

Answer 40

1. nerve cells (neurons) | 2. neuroglial cells (supporting cells)

Question 41

lines the trachea and upper air passages

Answer 41

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 42

lines the urinary bladder

Answer 42

transitional epithelium

Question 43

forms tendons and ligaments

Answer 43

dense regular connective tissue

Question 44

lines tubules in the kidney

Answer 44

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 45

its action pumps blood

Answer 45

cardiac muscle

Question 46

its contraction is under voluntary control

Answer 46

skeletal muscle

Question 47

many layers with flattened cells at surface

Answer 47

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 48

a single layer of flat cells

Answer 48

simple squamous epithelium

Question 49

forms a framework of soft organs

Answer 49

reticular connective tissue

Question 50

makes up in tracheal rings

Answer 50

hyaline cartilage

Question 51

this muscle is found in hollow organs

Answer 51

smooth muscle

Question 52

these cells conduct electrochemical impulses

Answer 52

neurons

Question 53

found in the external ear

Answer 53

elastic cartilage

Question 54

lines the intestine

Answer 54

simple columnar epithelium

Question 55

good for insulation and protection

Answer 55

adipose tissue