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Human Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four basic tissue types.

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nerve
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2
Q

watertight seal between cells (zipper-like; prevents leakage); plasma membranes fused w/ a strip of proteins

A

tight junction

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3
Q

Which junction is common between cells that line the GI tract and bladder?

A

tight junction

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4
Q

holds epithelial cells together; forms extensive zones called adhesion belts; contains plaque

A

adherens junction

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5
Q

plaque

A

dense layer of proteins inside the cell membrane

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6
Q

resists cellular separation and cell disruption; similar structure to adherans junction, except intracellular intermediate filaments cross cytoplasm of cell

A

desmosome

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7
Q

provides cellular support of cardiac muscle

A

desmosome

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8
Q

What are the basic characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  • closely packed cells forming continuous sheets
  • sits on basement membrane
  • polar (has free surface)
  • avascular (nutrients gained through diffusion)
  • good nerve supply
  • rapid cell division (constant breakdown and injury)
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9
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissues?

A
  • protect
  • filter
  • secrete
  • absorb
  • excrete
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10
Q

What are the basic shapes of epithelial surface cells?

A
  • squamous (flat)
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
  • transitional (shape varies w/ tissue stretching)
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11
Q

What are the basic layers of epithelial cells?

A
  • simple (one layer thick)
  • stratified (many cell layers thick)
  • pseudostratified (single layer of cells where all cells don’t reach apical surface; nuclei are found at different layers, so it looks multilayered)
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12
Q

Where can you find simple squamous epithelium?

A

lining of air sacs in lungs, capillaries, lymph vessels, and body cavities

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13
Q

Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

lining the tubes of kidneys and ducts of glands

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14
Q

Which connective tissue forms ligaments and tendons?

A

dense regular connective tissue

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15
Q

white fibrous connective tissue; very poor blood supply; slow to heal

A

dense regular connective tissue

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16
Q

What type of tissue is found in the white of eyeball, dermis of skin, and heart valves?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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17
Q

This very tough connective tissue can resist tension from any direction because it is made up of collagen fibers that are interwoven.

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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18
Q

Which tissue is found in the lung tissue, vocal cords, ligaments between vertebrae, and the wall of aorta?

A

elastic connective tissue

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19
Q

Which connective tissue is resilient and can endure more stress than loose or dense connective tissue?

A

cartilage

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20
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. hyaline
  2. fibrocartilage
  3. elastic
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21
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located?

A
  1. ribs
  2. nose
  3. trachea
  4. larynx
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22
Q

Which cartilage has no blood vessels or nerves, making repair very slow?

A

hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

Which cartilage reduces friction at joints?

A

hyaline cartilage

24
Q

Which cartilage has elastic fibers that help maintain shape after deformations?

A

elastic cartilage

25
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

A
  1. ears
  2. vocal cartilages
  3. epiglottis
26
Q

Which is the strongest type of cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage

27
Q

Where can you find fibrocartilage?

A

intervertebral discs

28
Q

Which tissue is highly vascular and heals quickly?

A

bone

29
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A
  1. spongy

2. compact

30
Q

Which bone structure looks like tree stumps?

A

compact bone

31
Q

Which connective tissue has a liquid matrix?

A

blood

32
Q

What cell types can be found in blood?

A
  1. erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  2. leukocytes (white blood cells)
  3. platelets
33
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  1. provide clotting
  2. immune functions
  3. carry O2
  4. carry CO2
34
Q

lamina propria

A

epithelial layer sitting on a thin layer of connective tissue

35
Q

What are the four types of membranes?

A
  1. mucous
  2. serous
  3. synovial
  4. cutaneous
36
Q

Which membrane is made up of simple squamous cells overlying loose connective tissue (areolar) layer?

A

serous membrane

37
Q

Which type of membrane are the following:

  • pleura, peritoneum and pericardium
  • membrane on walls of cavity = parietal layer
  • membrane over organs in cavity = visceral layer
A

serous membrane

38
Q

Which membranes line the joint cavities of all freely movable joints?

A

synovial membrane

39
Q

What is the structure of the cutaneous membrane?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium connected to dense irregular connective tissue

40
Q

What types of cells are found in nerve tissue?

A
  1. nerve cells (neurons)

2. neuroglial cells (supporting cells)

41
Q

lines the trachea and upper air passages

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

42
Q

lines the urinary bladder

A

transitional epithelium

43
Q

forms tendons and ligaments

A

dense regular connective tissue

44
Q

lines tubules in the kidney

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

45
Q

its action pumps blood

A

cardiac muscle

46
Q

its contraction is under voluntary control

A

skeletal muscle

47
Q

many layers with flattened cells at surface

A

stratified squamous epithelium

48
Q

a single layer of flat cells

A

simple squamous epithelium

49
Q

forms a framework of soft organs

A

reticular connective tissue

50
Q

makes up in tracheal rings

A

hyaline cartilage

51
Q

this muscle is found in hollow organs

A

smooth muscle

52
Q

these cells conduct electrochemical impulses

A

neurons

53
Q

found in the external ear

A

elastic cartilage

54
Q

lines the intestine

A

simple columnar epithelium

55
Q

good for insulation and protection

A

adipose tissue

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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