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Nursing 102 > Integumentary Exam #1 > Flashcards

Integumentary Exam #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of skin?

A

surface barrier against invading organisms

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2
Q

What are 8 other functions of skin?

A
  1. Homeostasis
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Sensory Perception
  4. Excretion
  5. Skin lubrication
  6. Synthesis of vitamin D
  7. Absorption of medications
  8. Personal Identity
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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous
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4
Q

What is the outermost layer of skin?

A

Epidermis (very thin)

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5
Q

How often does the epidermis regenerate?

A

Every 28 days

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6
Q

How is the epidermis nourished?

A

By blood vessels in the dermis bc it is avascular

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of epidermal cells?

A

Keratinocytes & Melanocytes

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8
Q

What is the function of keratinocytes?

A

produce keratin which serves as a protective barrier

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9
Q

What is the function of Melanocytes?

A

secrete melanin, which gives skin/hair color & provides UV protection

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10
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer & Reticular layer

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11
Q

What is the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

upper, thin layer, made up of ridges which form finger/foot prints

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12
Q

What is the reticular layer of the dermis layer?

A

lower, thicker layer, provides support (collagen, elastin & reticular fibers)

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13
Q

What is the SubQ layer?

A

layer of connective tissue that attaches skin to underlying tissue & organs

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14
Q

What is the primary function of the SubQ layer?

A

insulation

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15
Q

What are hair & nails made of?

A

dead keratin cells

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16
Q

What is the matrix of the nail?

A

white crescent shaped area at base of nail

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17
Q

What are 3 types of glands?

A
  1. Sebaceous
  2. Apocrine
  3. Eccrine
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18
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

secrete sebum (oil) to keep skin & hair from becoming too dry

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19
Q

What are Apocrine glands?

A

sweat glands that smell bad (i.e. in armpits/groin) Apocrine = Adolescence

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20
Q

What are Eccrine glands?

A

sweat glands that cool by evaporation. Eccrine = exercise

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21
Q

Why does hair turn white or grey when people age?

A

b/c of decrease in melanin

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22
Q

What are lentigo?

A

sun spots/ liver spots

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23
Q

What are 4 types of photosensitizing drugs?

A

sulfa, diuretics, tetracycline, doxycycline

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24
Q

What is the difference between an allergy & an irritation?

A

allergies are immunological responses that happen consistently with exposure to same antigen
irritations = unpredictable!

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25
Q

What regulates eccrine sweat glands?

A

Adrenergic nervous system (exercise, heat, emotional stress, fever)

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26
Q

What causes wrinkles/sagging in elderly?

A

decrease in subQ fat, degeneration of elastic fibers, collagen stiffening

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27
Q

What causes dry/flaky skin in elderly?

A

decreased activity of apocrine & sebaceous gland activity

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28
Q

What are S/E of diminished blood supply?

A

decreased sensation & wound healing

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29
Q

Which 3 things affect skin color?

A

melanin, carotene & hemoglobin

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30
Q

Where are the most reliable areas of least pigmentation to inspect for color changes?

A

sclera, conjunctiva, nail beds, lips, buccal mucosa

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31
Q

Vascularity: blanchable=?

A

due to dilated blood vessels

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32
Q

vascularity: not blanchable=?

A

due to subQ or intradermal bleed

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33
Q

What 5 things is it important to document in regard to lesions?

A
  1. size
  2. location
  3. color
  4. distribution
  5. shape
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34
Q

What is a primary lesion?

A

lesions which appear on previously healthy skin in response to irritation

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35
Q

What is a secondary lesion?

A

lesions which result from changes in primary lesion

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36
Q

What are bulla?

A

fluid filled lesions 0.5-2cm AKA blisters (large vesicles)

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37
Q

What are cysts?

A

semisolid or fluid filled encapsulated mass extending deep into dermis ie acne

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38
Q

What are macules?

A

FLAT, pigmented, circumscribed <0.5 cm (ie a freckle)

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39
Q

What is a papule?

A

a firm, inflammatory, RAISED lesion that is less than 0.5 cm

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40
Q

What is a nodule?

A

a firm, raised, inflammatory lesion that extends deeper than a papule, into all 3 skin layers 0.5-2cm

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41
Q

What is a pustule?

A

a lesion containing purulent material

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42
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

a serous-fluid filled lesion less than 0.5 cm (small blister)

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43
Q

What is a wheal?

A

raised, firm lesion with intense localized skin edema (AKA hives) ITCHY

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44
Q

What causes a keloid scar?

A

hyperplasia of fibrous tissue

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45
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

disappearance of skin’s melanocytes

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46
Q

What are intertriginous rashes?

A

rashes that appear in places where skin touches skin. ie between fingers & toes, under breasts

47
Q

What are mineral oil slides used to Dx?

A

infestations (scabies)

48
Q

Are wet to dry dressings sterile or clean?

A

clean

49
Q

are dry dressings sterile or clean?

A

sterile

50
Q

What is the purpose of a wet to dry dressing?

A

wound debridement

51
Q

What is anhidrosis?

A

sweat gland failure or congenital absence of sweat glands

52
Q

What is the primary concern with anhidrosis?

A

overheating b/c of body’s inability to cool itself down

53
Q

What is hyperhidrosis?

A

excessive sweating, can lead to fluid/lyte imbalances

54
Q

What is hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

chronic, painful disease of sebaceous & apocrine glands caused by blockage of ducts around hair follicles by infected material

55
Q

What are Sx of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

chronic, malodorous, painful, purulent boils, lead to chronic scarring. NOT due to poor hygiene

56
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Hair loss

57
Q

What is androgenic alopecia?

A

Premature balding bc of increased hormones (testosterone)

58
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

patchy baldness

59
Q

What is alopecia totalis?

A

total loss of all head hair

60
Q

What is alopecia universalis?

A

loss of all body hair

61
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A

excessive growth of dark, coarse hair in undesirable locations
Adult male hair distribution in women & children

62
Q

What is the most common nail disorder?

A

ingrown toe nail

63
Q

What is Paronychia?

A

Inflammation & injury of skin @ nail base r/t occupations with hands in water

64
Q

What are lindsay’s nails?

A

arc of brown discoloration on nail plate r/t renal failure

65
Q

What are Mee’s lines?

A

white lines across nail bed, follow shape of the nail matrix due to arsenic poisoning

66
Q

What are Terry’s nails?

A

opaque/white nails with a dark pink to brown nail tip, due to cirrhosis, CHF, Type DM, CA, aging

67
Q

What are spoon nails?

A

soft, scooped out nails, able to hold a drop of liquid due to iron deficiency anemia

68
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

fungal infection of nails

69
Q

Sx of onychomycosis?

A

dry, thick, discolored nails

70
Q

How do you Tx onychomycosis?

A

lamisal PO or Lotrimin topically

71
Q

What is onycholysis?

A

seperation of nail plate distally to proximally

72
Q

What is impetigo?

A

highly contagious bacterial skin infection caused by staph or strep

73
Q

Risk factors for impetigo?

A

poor hygiene, most common in young adults & infants

74
Q

What does impetigo look like?

A

starts out as small wheal, then becomes small vesicles or pustules that erupt, honey colored crust

75
Q

What is Tx for impetigo?

A

remove crusts with warm soaks, bacteriostatic soaps & ABX

76
Q

What is a serious complication of impetigo?

A

glomerulonephritis

77
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

infection of dermis & hypodermis (subQ), break in skin allows bacteria in

78
Q

How does cellulitis spread?

A

via lymph & blood

79
Q

What are S/Sx of cellulitis?

A

similar to DVT-

erythema, warm/hot to touch, swelling, glossy skin, tenderness/pain, fever/chills, ascending lymphangitis

80
Q

What causes cellulitis?

A

strep or staph

81
Q

What are complications of cellulitis?

A

repeated infections can lead to chronic lymphedema due to narrowing of lymph channels
also: gangrene, sepsis, lymphangitis, necrotizing fasciitis

82
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A

infected fascia with SQ necrosis by gas-forming organism

83
Q

What are Sx of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

rapid, sudden onset, “flesh-eating bacteria”, caused by group A step

84
Q

How do you Dx necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Xray/CT/MRI to visualize gas in tissue

85
Q

What is Tx for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

fluid replacement, IV ABX, surgical debridement, fasciotomy, skin grafting

86
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

staph infection, small pustules at hair follicle, crusting

87
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

painful, deep staph infection around hair follicle that drains pus when ruptured

88
Q

How do you prevent furuncles?

A

good hygiene

89
Q

What is furunculosis?

A

large areas of skin covered with persistent boils

90
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

multiple interconnecting furuncles that extend into subQ tissue

91
Q

What do virusus’ rely on for reproduction?

A

living cells

92
Q

What is the diff between herpes I & herpes II?

A

Herpes I = above the waist

Herpes II = below the waist (genital)

93
Q

What is Tx of herpes?

A

Tx symptoms, no cure. Meds that end in “vir” prior to eruption can shorten length of flare-up

94
Q

What is herpes zoster?

A

chix pox/shingles. viral infection travels from ganglia to skin
shingles= dermatomal segments of skin affected

95
Q

What are Sx of shingles?

A

burning pain & neuralgia prior to outbreak, mild to severe pain & linear distribution along dermatome during outbreak.

96
Q

Tx of shingles:

A

Pain control!

neurontin for nerve pain

97
Q

What are verrucae?

A

warts

98
Q

What causes warts?

A

HPV

99
Q

How are warts spread?

A

by autoinnoculation

100
Q

What are verruca plantaris?

A

Plantar warts

on soles of feet, extend deep into skin

101
Q

What are condyloma Acuminata?

A

veneral/genital warts

102
Q

What is tinea?

A

ringworm, fungal infection

103
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A

ringworm on the body

104
Q

What is tinea capitus?

A

ringworm on the scalp

105
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

ringworm on feet (athlete’s foot)

106
Q

What is tinea Cruris?

A

jock itch, ringworm on groin

107
Q

What are pediculosis?

A

lice

108
Q

Pediculosis corporis?

A

body lice

109
Q

Pediculosis Pubis?

A

Pubic lice (crabs)

110
Q

Pediculosis Capitus?

A

Head lice

111
Q

What are scabies?

A

highly contagious, microscopic mite that burrows through skin & lays eggs

112
Q

When is the itching worse with scabies?

A

at night

113
Q

Tx for scabies?

A

permethrin (elimite) to entire skin surface for 12hr + Tx anyone else who had contact

Nursing 102 (9 decks)

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