Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho Exam 3 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

What are primary vs secondary lesions?

A

Primary lesions: Anything that is not normal of the skin. (mole, bruise)

Secondary lesions: A lesion that results from a lesion (scratching, crusting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pressure ulcers

What are they?

Why do they commonly result?

A
  • Sores that result from prolonged, unrelieved pressure
  • Bone (tailbone, heel) presses on b.v. and causes decreased blood supply and necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are these things that can cause pressure ulcers:

  • Shearing
  • Friction
A
  • Shearing: Two surfaces move against each other (patient moves against mattress)
  • Friction: Two surfaces rubbing against one another (both surfaces move: sheets)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are these stages of pressure ulcers:

  • Stage 1
  • Stage 2
A

Stage 1: Non-blanchable erythema intact skin

Stage 2: partial thinckness Skin loss involving epidermis/dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are these stages of pressure ulcers:

  • Stage 3
  • Stage 4
A
  • Stage 3= Full thickness skin loss with loss of fatty tissue
  • Stage 4: Full thickness skin loss with damage to muscle/ligaments/bones (appears silvery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are these types of pressure ulcers:

  • Suspected deep tissue injury
  • Unstageable:
A

Deep tissue: Discolored intact skin (purple/maroon) (feels mushy)

Unstageable: Full tissue loss but covered by slough or eschar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the preventative techniques for pressure ulcers:

A
  • Skin assessment (every shift)
  • Frequent Reposition/pressure reduction
  • Elimination of moisture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some risk factors of pressure ulcers:

A
  • Malnutrition (lack of protein)
  • Previous ulcers
  • lack of movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are these terms:

  • Comedome
  • Burrow
A

Comedome: Oil gland that gets plugged with dirt/debris

Burrow: Parasite that burrows through skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are these terms:

  • Petechiae
  • Purpura
  • Telangiectasia
A

Petechiae: Little red pinpoints from rupture capillary

Purpura: Large purble/blue skin from ruptured capillary

Telangiectasia: Dilated superficial blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pruritus

What is it/what is it caused by?

A

Pruritus: Itching caused by mediators like histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eczema:

What are these types of dermatitis:

What are the treatments

A

Inflammation/thickening of skin that cause bumps/pruritus

Treatment: Antihistamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is alergic contact dermatitis:

A

Type 4 allergic reaction (T-cell mediated/delayed) that causes dermatitis from contact with allergen

(poison ivy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • What is irritant contact dermatitis?
  • What is Atopic Dermatitis?
A

Irritant contact

Innate immune response from skin irritation (not an allergy)

Atopic Dermatitis:

Type 1 hypersensitivity (IgE antibodies) from asthma, allergies, etc…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Stasis Dermatitis?

What are the treatments?

A

Inflammation of skin from venous stasis/edema

Treatments:

  • Elevate legs
  • Avoid standing still for long periods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Inflammation of primarily scalp/face (can be anywhere)

  • Scaly, dry flaky skin (dandruff or cradle cap)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Psoriasis?

A

Chronic skin disorder that causes thick, silvery scales

  • Skin growth rate is higher than falloff rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference in eczema and psoriasis?

A

Eczema

is thought to be environmental

Inflamed skin

Psoriasis

Autoimmune

Buildup of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Vasiculobullous diseases:

  • Pemphigus
  • Erytema multiforme
A
  • Pemphigus= Painful blisters
  • Erythema multiforme= Bullseye lesions that can pop and increase risk for infection
20
Q

What are these types of bacterial infections:

  • Folliculitis
  • Curbuncles
  • Impetigo
A

Folliculitis: Single infected hair follicle

Carbuncle: Group of infected hair follicles

Impetigo: Skin infection that causes honey, crusted lesions

21
Q

What are these types of fungal infections:

Tinea

Candidiasis

A

Tinea: Fungal infection of skin

Candidiasis: Uncontrolled growth of fungus (yeast infection)

22
Q

What are these viral infections:

  • Herpes simplex
  • Herpes zoster/varicella
  • Warts
A

Herpes: Chronic sores of mouth/genitals

Herpes zoster/varicella: Virus that causes scaly skin lesions (chicken pox)

Warts: benign tumor caused by human papillomavirus

23
Q

What are these types of insect infestations:

Scabies

Pediculosis

A

Scabies: Insect that burrows through the skin

Pediculosis: Infestation of the hair (lice/crabs)

24
Q

What is Urticaria?

What are the treatments?

A

Circumscribed area of raised/red skin (hives)

Most resolve without treatment

25
Q

What is this benign tumor: seborrheic keratosis?

A

Darkened, skin growth on older adults.

26
Q

What is Actinic keratosis?

A

Pre-malignant crusty, scaly lesion

27
Q

What are nevi?

A

Moles: Increased deposits of melanin

28
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

What is it?

Growth rate/metastasis?

A

Skin cancer of deeper layer of epidermis (crusty looking)

Grows slowly, metastasis is rare

29
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

What is it?

Can it metastasize?

A

Tumor of epidermis

Often either pre-invasive (in-situ) or will be invasive

30
Q

What are first degree burns?

What are the signs?

A

Burn of the epidermis only.

Loal pain/erythema

31
Q

What are second degree burns?

What are the signs?

A

Burn of the epidermis as well as dermis.

  • Most painful type of burn
  • Blisters will form
32
Q

What are third degree burns?

What are the signs?

A

Burn that involves epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

  • Charred/blackened/white skin
  • No pain (nerves destroyed)
33
Q

Burns that go around extremeties increase the risk for:

A

Contractures: Elastic skin is replaced with scar tissue that is not stretchy

(joint loses movement)

34
Q

How do you estimate percentage of body that is burned?

A
35
Q

What happens internally when someone gets a major burn?

A

Fluid/electrolyte/protein are lost into tissues (edema)

  • Blood pressure drops
  • Hypovolemia

Liver enlarges

  • Blood clotting factors increase
36
Q

What is burn shock?

A

Shock= massive blood/fluid loss

Burn shock= Burn victims have decreased cardiac output (less blood to organs)

37
Q

What changes of the blood contents occur with burn victims?

A

WBCs and Hct counts increase (do not leak out)

Hyperglycemia (enlarged liver)

38
Q

What happens to the metabolism of a burn victim?

What occurs in response?

A

Metabolism increases:

  • Core body temperature increases (fever)
  • Hypercapnea (too much CO2)
39
Q

What are the secondary risks for burn victims?

A
  • Fluid loss from skin (sweating) and lungs (increased RR)
  • Increased infections (skin breakdown)
40
Q

What are stomach ulcers that occur in burn victims?

A

Curling ulcers (stress that occurs internally)

41
Q
  • What is frostbite?
  • What injuries result from it?
A
  • Skin tissue freezes through exposure to extreme cold.
  • Inflammation and reperfusion (damage caused by blood return)
42
Q

What are the 3 stages of frotbite?

A

Frostnip

Skin turns red

Superficial Frostbite

Skin turns white/blisters

Deep frostbite

Skin turns black/all layers of skin

43
Q
  • Loss of hair is known as:
A

Alopecia

44
Q

Abnormal growth of hair is known as:

A

Hirsutism

45
Q
  • What is paronychia?
  • What is onychomycosis?
A

Parnychia: Infection of cuticle

Onchomycosis: Fungal infection of nail

Patho Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions