INTEGUMENTARY Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the skin and its accessory structures, including the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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2
Q
  • the exterior covering of the body.
  • It weighs more than 6 pounds in the average adult, and covers more than
    3,000 square inches.
  • It is the largest organ of the body.
  • It is supplied with blood vessels and nerves.
A

SKIN

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3
Q

FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

A
  • provides protection.
  • It protects against invasion by bacteria and other harmful agents.
  • It protects delicate cells beneath the surface from injury.
  • It inhibits excessive loss of water and electrolytes.
  • It produces a protective pigmentation to protect the body against excessive exposure from the sun.
  • It helps produce the body’s supply of Vitamin D.
  • regulates body temperature.
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4
Q

When the body is too cold, the skin’s blood vessels ______. This allows more heat-carrying blood to circulate to the muscles and organs.

A

constrict

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5
Q

When the body is too hot, the blood vessels in the skin ____. That brings more blood to the surface for cooling by radiation. At the same time, sweat glands secrete more sweat that cools the body when it evaporates.

A

dilate

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6
Q

It contains millions of nerve endings that act as receptors for pain, heat, cold, and pressure.

A

SKIN

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7
Q

When stimulation occurs, nerve impulses are sent to the ______ of the brain.. and the brain triggers any necessary response.

A

cerebral cortex

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8
Q

two layers of skin

A

EPIDERMIS
DERMIS

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9
Q

4 Strata of Epidermis

A
  1. STRATUM CORNEUM
  2. STRATUM LUCIDUM
  3. STRATUM GRANULOSUM
  4. STRATUM GERMINATIVUM
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10
Q
  • is the outermost strata of the epidermis.
  • It is mostly dead cells, filled with a protein substance called keratin.
  • It is thicker on the soles of the feet than on the eyelids where there is less presumably
A

STRATUM CORNEUM

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11
Q
  • is a translucent layer lying directly beneath the corneum.
  • It may not even exist in thinner skin.
  • Cells in this layer are also dead or are in the process of dying.
A

stratum lucidum

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12
Q
  • is one or more layers of cells starting to die and become hard.
  • They are in the process of keratinization becoming fibrous protein similar to that in hair and nails.
A

stratum granulosum

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13
Q
  • is composed of several layers of living cells capable of cell division.
  • It is the innermost layer of the epidermis, and contains melanin
  • Damage to this layer, such as in severe burns, requires skin grafts.
A

stratum germinativum

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14
Q

beneath the epidermis and is composed of connective tissue.

A

DERMIS

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15
Q

TWO LAYERS OF DERMIS

A
  1. PAPILLARY LAYER
  2. RETICULAR LAYER
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16
Q

contains the lymphatics, nerves, nerve endings, blood vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands, elastic fibers, and hair follicles.

A

DERMIS

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17
Q

arranged into microscopic structures that form ridges. These are the finger- and footprints

A

PAPILLARY LAYER

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18
Q

beneath the papillary layer; it is a white fibrous tissue that supports the blood vessels

A

RETICULAR LAYER

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19
Q

The subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis is composed of ____ and _____. It supports, nourishes, insulates, and cushions the skin.

A

adipose and connective tissue

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20
Q
  • threadlike structure formed by a group of cells that develop within a hair follicle or socket.
  • has a shaft that is visible and a root that is embedded in the follicle.
21
Q

is attached to the side of each follicle. It is stimulated by skin irritants, emotional arousal, or cold temperatures, and reacts by contracting. This causes goose flesh or goose pimples.

A

PILOMOTOR MUSCLE

22
Q

a bulb enclosing a loop of capillaries. It provides nourishment to the hair. It is one of the few living parts of the hair, and is responsible for hair growth.

A

HAIR PAPILLA

23
Q

covers the hair shaft like shingles on a roof, protecting it from the elements and chemicals, and from losing moisture.

24
Q

provides most of the hair’s weight. It contains melanin which provides color to the hair, stores oils, provides flexibility and elasticity, and adds shape to the hair.

25
is an inner hollow core that runs the length of the shaft.
MEDULLA
26
are oil glands. They have tiny ducts that open into each hair follicle. secretes sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin.
SEBACEOUS GLAND
27
hard keratin structures that protect the ends of the fingers and toes.
FINGERNAILS/TOENAILS
28
The nail root, also called the ______ , begins several millimeters into the finger and extends to the edge of the white, crescent-shaped _______.
germinal matrix or nailbed; lanula
29
It fuses the nail plate and the skin of the finger together to form a waterproof barrier.
cuticle or the eponychium
30
is under the free edge of the nail. It also creates a waterproof barrier, fusing the skin of the finger to the underside of the nail plate
The hyponychium
31
those that have curled down or around and are growing into the skin. They may become swollen and inflamed.
INGROWN NAIL
32
glands that produce sweat or perspiration.
Sweat glands or Sudoriferous glands
33
The skin shields the body against ___________.
heat light injury
34
composed of keratin
nail plate
34
The epidermis contains ____________.
keratin
35
type of hair covers the entire body of fetuses
lanugo
36
The layer of skin that lacks blood vessels is:
epidermis
37
The dermis does not contain:
mucous gland
38
layer of epidermis would be gradually shed through bathing
Stratum granulosum
39
The dermis is primarily composed of what tissue type?
connective
40
what epidermal layer is closest to a blood supply?
stratum basale
41
A clear, transparent layer through which light can pass.
stratum lucidum
42
Cells look like granules, and they are pushed to surface to replace cells that are shed.
stratum granulosum
43
has a layer of oil to help make this layer a protective, waterproof layer.
stratum corneum
44
The deepest layer of epidermis, responsible for the growth of the epidermis.
stratum germinativum
45
Part of the dermis that contains touch receptors.
melanin
46
Part of the dermis that contains the hair follicles and roots, nerves, and glands.
reticular region
47
Lies below the dermis and contains fat and loose connective tissue.
subcutaneous tissue