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MSK Exam 2 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Integument

A

barrier for protection, sensation, excretion, thermoregulation, and synthesis of Vitamin D3

composed of epidermis and dermis

epidermis=ectoderm
dermis=mesoderm

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2
Q

Hypodermis

A

a loose CT layer that binds skin to underlying tissues and corresponds to the superficial fascia

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium composed of keratinocytes
-also contains melanocytes, langerhans cells, and merkel cells

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4
Q

Dermal papillae

A

irregular projections at epidermal-dermal junction

has epidermal ridges to strengthen adhesion

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5
Q

Thick skin

A

palms and soles
has five layers
fingerprints

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6
Q

Thin skin

A

widespread on body
four layers
glands and hair follicles

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7
Q

THe layers of the epidermis

A 
Stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
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8
Q

Keratinocytes

A

predominant cell typer of the epidermis

makes keratin

participate in the epidermal water barrier

cornified cells that undergo keratinization and desquamation

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9
Q

Strtum basale

A

single layer of keratinocytes with some stem cells

mitotically active, cuboidal and low columnar cells

contain melanin

bound apically via demosomes
bound basally by hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

The thickest layer

polyhedral cells with central nuclei and spiny processes

keratin filaments assemble here into microscopically visable bundles called tonofibrils

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11
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

three to five layers of flattened cells

filled with keratohyaline granules
these stain intensely basophilic

lamellar granules which are small ovoid structures containing lipids and glycolipids which will exocytosis and produce lipid rich impermeable layer that protects against water lass

keratinization and lipid rich layer make up an almost impentetrable skin barrier

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12
Q

Stratum corneum

A

15-20 layers of squamous keratinized cells filled with filamentous keratins

anucleate and coated by an extracellular layer of lipids

fully keratinized cornified cells squames

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13
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

found only in thick skin

thin translucent layer of flattened eosinophilic keratinocytes

nuclei and organelles haave been lost

cytoplasm is almost exclusively keratin filaments

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14
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce melanin and transfers it to keratinocytes
melanin=pigment protein that protects nuclei from UV radiation
neural crest derived

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15
Q

Epidermal-melanin unit

A

one melanocyte maintains an association with a specific number of keratinocytes (1:10)

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16
Q

Melanin production

A

Tyrosinase converts tyrosine to DOPA and that is polymerized to produce melanin

this occurs in membrane bound organelles called premelanosome

as the melanin increases the premelanosome will turn into melanosome which will be transfered to keratinocytes as a pigment donation

17
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Antigen presenting cells
develop from monocyte

found in the stratum spinosum

18
Q

Epidermal differentiation and replacement

A

cell replacement is initiated by the division of stem cells in the stratum basale

then they move upward where they differentiate into keratinized cells

eventually are lost by exfoliation on skin surface

19
Q

Dermal-epidermal junction

A

uneven boundary with finger like dermal papillae that project into the epidermis

complemented by epidermal protrusions, epidermal ridges

20
Q

Layers of the Dermis

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

21
Q

Papillary layer

A

loose CT immediately beneath epidermis

Vasculature and nerve endings

22
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deep to papillary layer
Dense irregular CT with coarse elastic fibers
form regular lines of tension-Langers lines

23
Q

Subpapillary plexus

A

rich nutritive capillary network located btwn papillary and reticular layers

24
Q

Deep plexus

A

Lies near Dermis subcutaneous layer interface

25
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous fascia

loose CT that binds the skin loosely to the subjacent organs

adipocytes vary in number and size based on body regions and nutritional state

extensive vasculature promotes rapid uptake or insulin or drugs injected into the tissue

26
Q

what type of sensory receptors does skin have

A

non encapsulated and encapsulated receptors

27
Q

Merkel Cells

A

Epithelial tactile cells that function as low threshold mechanoreceptors essential for sensing touch

similar look to keratinocytes but lack melanosomes

contain small golgi derived granules concentrated near basolateral surface

28
Q

Merkel cell carcinoma

A

rare aggressive and difficult to treat

40 times less common than malignant melanoma

but double the mortality rate

29
Q

Free Nerve endings

A

located in the papillary dermis and extending into the lower epidermal layers

respond primarily to high abd low temperatures, pain and itching

serve as tactile receptors

30
Q

Meissners Corpuscle

A

encapsulated receptors responsive to light touch or low frequency stimuli

Perpendicular to the epidermis in the dermal papillar

numerous in the fingerprints and soles

31
Q

Lamellated Pacinian Corpuscle

A

Large encapsulated oval structures found deep in the reticular dermis and hypodermis

specialized for sensing coarse touch, pressure (sustained touch) and vibration

found in CT of visceral organs

wall of the rectum and urinary bladder

produce pressure sensations when distorted

32
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

several glands per follicle

abundant on face and scalp

produce a lipid mixture sebum via holocrine secretion

waxy mix of triglycerides and cholesterol

lubercates and softens the skin

sebum discharges into the hair follicle

33
Q

Eccrine Sweat glands

A

simple coiled glands found throughout the skin

duct is stratified cuboidal

Myoepithelial cells facilitate expulsion of secretions

temperature regulation via cooling

34
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

large lumen tubular glands
duct is stratified cuboidal

merocrine secretion

  • protein carbohydrate and ammonia rich secretion
  • odorless until mixed with bacteria

become functional at puberty

35
Q

Hair follice

A

terminal dilation called a hair bulb
dermal papilla inserts into hair bulb to provide nutrients

keratinocytes form the hair matrix
-are continuous w/epidermis

Follicular bulge: contains epidermal stem cells

36
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

small bundle of smooth muscle that extends from the midpoint of hair to papillary layer

contraction of these form the goose bumbs and distorts the dermis

37
Q

Nails

A

Nail root
Nail matrix: divide and form the keratinocytes
-pushed forward with continous growth

Lunula: crescent shaped white area near the nail matrix
cuticle: extension of skin covering the nail root

MSK Exam 2 (19 decks)

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