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MSK Exam 2 > foot > Flashcards

foot Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the forefoot

A

phalanges and the metatarsals

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2
Q

what makes up the midfoot

A

medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
cuboid
navicular

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3
Q

what makes up the hindfoot

A

calcaneus

and the talus bone

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4
Q

what is the function or the 3 arches

A

absorb shock during weight bearing
make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

medial longitudinal Arch
lateral longitudinal Arch
Transverse arch

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5
Q

what makes up the medial longitudinal arch

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
1-3 cuneiforms
1-3 metatarsals
1-3 Proximal,medial, and distal phalanges
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6
Q

What makes up the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneus
cuboid
4-5 metatarsal
4-5 proximal medial and distal phalanges

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7
Q

What makes up the transverse arch

A 
Cuboid
all three cuneiforms
metatarsal bases
tendon of fibularis longus
tendon of tibialis posterior
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8
Q

3 ligaments that play an important part in arch support

A 
Long plantar Ligament (lateral side)
Spring ligament (medial side): 
the short plantar ligament (under the long ligament)
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9
Q

What is the fascia on the dorsum of the foot and what emerges beneath it

A

Inferior extensor retinaculum
dorsal fascia of the foot
the dorsalis pedis A and the Deep fibular N emerge from beneath the inferior border of the extensor retinaculum

superior extensor retinaculum is located on the tibia and fibula

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10
Q

Fascia that is found on the sole of the foot and its function

A

Plantar aponeurosis
longitudinal band of dense connective tissue
distally dividing into the five bands that enclose the digital tendons

supports the longitudinal foot arches

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11
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

cause from running, high impact exercise, wornout shoes, and overweight

inflammation at the proximal attachment, pain worsesns after sitting or getting out of bed in the morning

Can lead to a calcaneal spur especially from the medial calcaneal tubercle

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12
Q

What are the two dorsal muscles

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum Brevis

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13
Q

Extensor digitorum Brevis

A

orgin: calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus)
insertion: long extensor tendons of four medial digits (toes 2-4)

Deep fibular Nerve

aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsalphalangeal and interphalangeal joints

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14
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

orgin: calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus)
insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe

Deep fibular Nerve

aids in extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

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15
Q

What is the main goal of the plantar foot muscles

A

synergistically help maintain foot arches and standing on uneven grand

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16
Q

1st layer of plantar muscles (most superficial)

A

Abductor digiti Minimi
Flexor digitorum Brevis
Abductor Hallucis

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17
Q

2nd Layer of plantar muscles

A

Quadratus Plantae m
Lumbricals M

FLexor hallucis Longus and Flexor digitorum longus tendons are located in this layer

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18
Q

3rd layer of the plantar muscles

A 
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor Hallucis 
---two heads, transverse, and oblique
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi
19
Q

4th Layer of the Plantar muscles

A

3 plantar interossei M
4 Dorsal introssei muscles

Fibularis Longus and Tibialis Posterior tendons are also found in this layer (support the arch)

20
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Orgin: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
insertion: Medial side of the base of the proximal digit of the 1st digit

Medial Plantar Nerve

Abducts and flexes the 1st digit

21
Q

Flexor digitorum Brevis

A

Orgin: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
insertion: both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Medial Plantar Nerve

Flexes lateral four digits

22
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

orgin: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Abducts and flexes the little toe

23
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

orgin: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surfaces of calcaneus
insertion: posterolateral margin of tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Assist flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

without this the curl of the toes would be laterally back not straight back

24
Q

Lumbricals

A

Orgin: Tendons of Flexor digitorum Longus
Insertion: Medial Aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Medial One: Medial Plantar Nerve
3 Lateral ones: Lateral Plantar Nerve

Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

25
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Orgin: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
Insertion: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Medial Plantar Nerve (S2-S3)

Flexes proximal Phalanx of 1st digit

26
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Oblique head: Bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: Plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints

Insertion: Tendons of both heads attach to the lateral side of base of 1st proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Deep branch of the Lataral Plantar Nerve

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Helps keep toes together to help push off when stepping

27
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

orgin: Base of the 5th Metatarsa
insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

28
Q

Plantar Interosei

A

orgin: Plantar aspect of the medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5
Insertion: medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

Lateral Plantar nerve

ADDuct digits 3-5

PAD

29
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

orgin: adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5
insertion: medial side of digit 2
and lateral sides of digits 2-4

lateral plantar Nerve

ABduct the digiits 2-4

DAB

30
Q

Hallux Valgus

A

lateral deviation of the great toe

tissue surrounding the deviated area swells leading to friction causing a bursa to form

that bursa is a bunion

31
Q

Corns

A

Inflamed area with thickened skin over proximal interphalangeal joints

32
Q

Mallet Toe

A

Flexion in Distal Interphalangeal joint

referring to lateral toes

33
Q

Hammer Toe

A

Extension at Metatarsophalangeal joint and flexion at the proximal Interphalangeal joint

referring to lateral toes

usually occurs in 2nd digit

34
Q

Claw toe

A

Extension at the MEtatarsophalangeal joint and flexion at both the proximal and distal interphalangeal joint

Refer to lateral toes

35
Q

Trigger toe

A

Extension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and flexion at the Interphalangeal joint of the big toe

36
Q

Nerves of the foot breakdown

A

Sciatic N gives rise to:
Tibial N and Common fibular N

Tibial N gives rise to medial sural cutaneus, Medial Plantar N and Lateral Pantar N

Common fibular N gives rise to lateral sural communicating N, superficial fibular N, and Deep fibular N

37
Q

What does the Deep Fibular Nerve Innervate

A

Lateral branch of the deep fibular N:
Extensor hallucis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Efferent fibers

Medial Branch of the Deep Fibular N
Skin between the 1st interdigital space
afferent fibes

38
Q

Lateral Plantar Nerve Relationship through the foot

A

passes deep to Abductor Hallucis
runs anterolaterally deep to flexor digitorum Brevis

Terminates by dividing into superficial and deep branches which give rise to:
Common Plantar Digital N
Proper Plantar Digital N

39
Q

Medial Plantar Nerve Relationships through the foot

A

Passes deep to Abductor Hallucis

runs anteriorly between Abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis

ends near metatarsal which gives rise to:
Common plantar digital N
Proper Plantar Digital N

40
Q

Medial Plantar Nerve Innervations

A 
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Medial One Lumbrical
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Supply plantar skin
41
Q

Lateral Plantar Nerve Innervations

A 
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Quadratus Plantae
Lateral Three Lumbricals
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor digitorum Minimi Brevis
Interossei
Supply Plantar Skin
42
Q

Blood Supply to the Dorsal Foot

A

Anterior Tibial Artery turns into the Dorsalis Pedis Artery

which then gives rise to the Anterior Lateral Malleolar Artery and as well as the Lateral Tarsal Artery

The dorsal pedis Artery will meet up with the Lateral Tarsal Artery making the Arcuate Artery

The Dorsal Pedis Artery will also give rise to the deep plantar Artery

The Arcuate Artery will give rise the dorsal Metatarsal Arteries and continue on to the Dorsal digital Arteries

43
Q

Blood Supply Plantar of the foot

A

From the posterior Tibial Artery it branches into the medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries

THe Lateral Plantar Artery will make up the majority of the Deep Plantar Arch

the Plantar Arch will give rise to the 3-6th plantar metatarsal and plantar digital Arteries

The medial Plantar A will run with the Medial Plantar N and give rise to the 1-2nd Plantar Metatarsal and Plantar Digital Arteries

MSK Exam 2 (19 decks)

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