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ANAT200-S2 > int2 > Flashcards

int2 Flashcards

1
Q

Lines of Cleavage - clinical significance?

A

Parallel cuts will close (since parallel to line of tissue) while perpendicular cuts will remain open (lines of tension are working against it, more pronounced scar)

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2
Q

Lines of Cleavage?

A

muscles under skin = tension = tendency for fibres to align this way - Collagen fiber bundles in dermis align differently in different regions of skin - they align along lines of tension and form lines of cleavage

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3
Q

Subcutaneous Layer - AKA? purpose?

A
  • also called hypodermis or superficial fascia
  • stabilizes position of skin relative to underlying tissues (attaches dermis to fascia, but gives a little bit of wiggle room)
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4
Q

Subcutaneous layer - CT?

A

Loose connetive tissue that stores fat - distribution of subcutaneous fat differs between sexes, influences body shape

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5
Q

Accessory Structures - 3?

A

Hair, nails and exocrine glands

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6
Q

Hair - #? location?

A
  • ~5 million hairs on body (only 2% on head)
  • covers all body surfaces except: palmar surfaces of hands/fingers, plantar surfaces of feet/toes
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7
Q

Hair - 3 functions/

A
  1. Head: UV protection, thermal insulation
  2. eyes and nose: filter air
  3. General body: touch sensation
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8
Q

Hair Growth - Scalp hair?

A
  • grows: ~2 to 6 years
  • rests: ~3 months
  • ~85% in growth phase at any given time
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9
Q

Hair Types (3)

A

Vellus, intermediate, terminal

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10
Q

Vellus hairs?

A

fine “peach fuzz” hair found over most of the body

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11
Q

Intermediate hairs?

A

hairs of the upper and lower limbs, change in response to sex hormones

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12
Q

Terminal hairs?

A

heavy and more pigmented - scalp, eyebrow and eyelash hair

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13
Q

Nails?

A

protect exposed tips of the digits, limit distortion when digits subjected to mechanical stress

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14
Q

glands of the skin - two types of?

A

Two types of exocrine glands: sebaceous glands and sweat glands

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15
Q

Sebaceous glands - secrete? where? secretion type?

A
  • secretes oily lipid (sebum)
  • coats hair shafts and skin surface
  • holocrine secretion
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16
Q

Sweat glands? - secrete and type?

A
  • secrete water, electroyltes
  • merocrin secretion - cells fill up with sebum, then die and sebum is released
17
Q

Acne

A

inflammation of sebaceous glands and follicles, occurs at onset of puberty: glands in crease in size, and sebum secretion increases in response to sex hormones. Inflammation results from: blockage of ducts, bacterial infection of glands

18
Q

Sweat glands - shape? release where? two types?

A
  • simple, coiled tubular glands
  • release secretions onto the skin
  • two types: merocrine (eccrine) and apocrine
19
Q

Merocrine (eccrine) vs. Apocrine Sweat glands?

A
  • merocrine/eccrine: most numerous, secrete normal sweat
  • apocrine: less numerous, secrete odiferous sweat
20
Q

Merocrine Sweat Glands - distributions, secretions, purpose?

A
  • most common, distributed over majority of body
  • secrete water and electrolytes
  • regulate body temp
21
Q

All sweat glands secrete by…?

A

Merocrine - apocrine sweat glands is a misnomer

22
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands - secrete by? distribution/number?

A
  • by merocrine - name is a misnomer
  • less numerous than eccrine
  • axilla, groin, areolae of breast, bearded region of face in males
23
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands - secretion and stimulation?

A
  • secrete: water, electrolytes, lipids, proteins (acted on by bacteria to produce odors)
  • stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement
24
Q

Modified Sweat Glands - two types?

A

ceruminous and mammary

25
Q

Ceruminous glands - located? secrete? modified?

A
  • in external auditory canal of ear
  • secrete waxy crumen aka ear wax
  • are modified merocrine sweat glands
26
Q

Mammary glands - modified? regulated by? purpose?

A
  • modified apocrine sweat glands
  • regulated by interaction of sexual and pituitary hormones
  • supply nutrition for newborn
27
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30
Q

Hair Growth Cycle?

A

Active phase (2 - 5 years) > continued growth ~0.33 mm /day > regression > loosening of attachment in follicle > resting phase > loss of club hair > reactivation

31
Q

Parts of the nail - nail root? nail bed?

A
  • nail root: where nails are born, an extended linear structure
  • nail bed: continuation of skin
32
Q

Parts of the nail - eponychium and hyponychium?

A
  • eponychium: aka cuticle, where skin merges from above
  • hyponychium: where skin and nail merges from below
33
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36
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ANAT200-S2 (8 decks)

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