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ANAT200-S2 > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood - composed of?

A

Connective Tissue. Red blood cells, leukocytes aka white blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils) platelets

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2
Q

Red Blood Cells - function

A

carry O2 and CO2 (99% of cells)

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3
Q

White Blood Cells - function of monocytes and lymphocytes

A

monocytes: become macrophages. lymphocytes: immune response

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4
Q

WBC function: neutro,eosino and basophils

A

Neutrophil: destroy bacteria. Eosinophil: inflammatory response. Basophil: inflammatory and allergic response

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5
Q

Red Blood Cells - shape? nucleus?

A
  • biconcave disk shaped cells (for greater surface are for gas exchange, also tougher than a sphere when they have to squeeze through capillaries, more resistant to tearing)
  • no nucleus - ejected from cell during development
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6
Q

Platelets - what? formation?

A
  • blood cells are formed from stem cells in red bone marrow
  • platelets are formed from large cells called megakaryoctes
  • platelets are cell gragments that pinch off from the megakaryocytes
  • mega - big, karyo - nucleus
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7
Q

Lymphatic System - function? lymph consists of? nodes? produces?

A
  • returns extracellular fluid to blood vascular system
  • lymph: dilute protein solution
  • lymph nodes filter lymph
  • produces lymphocytes that function in immune response
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8
Q

Lymphocytes - two major classes?

A
  1. B-Lymphoctyes: formed in bone marrow, produce antibodies
  2. T-Lymphocytes: formed in thymus gland, killer T cells that destroy pathogens/abnormal cells, and regulatory T-cells that regulate immune response aka modulators
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9
Q

Lymphoid nodules - what? for what?

A
  • densely packed accumulations of lymphocytes
  • mount an immune response to antigens
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10
Q

Tonsils - what? function? 3 types?

A
  • aggregates of lymphoid nodules in pharynx
  • remove pathogens from inspired air and food
  • pharyngeal tonsils, palatine tonsiles, lingual tonsil
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11
Q

Lymph Node - function and vessels?

A
  • function as lymph filters, are major site of immune response to antigens
  • many afferent vessels penetrate capsule
  • single efferent vessel exits node
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12
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Breast

A
  • cancer cells metastasize/migrate along lymphatics and become trapped in lymph nodes
  • lymph node enlarges, gets filled with cancerous cells
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13
Q

Thymus Gland - location? composition? size? purpose?

A
  • lies posterior to sternum in anterior portion of mediastinum - on top of heart and trachea
  • composed of two lobes
  • large in early life, undergoes involution in later life - will shrink (young = haven’t been exposed to many antigens, prdouces lots of T cells. later = have all the T cells you need, gland replaced with loose fatty CT)
  • source of T Lymphocytes
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14
Q

Spleen - location? size? function?

A
  • big sac of blood located along lateral curvature of stomach
  • largest lymphoid organ
  • filters blood, removes abnormal blood cells, mounts immune response against circulating antigens
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15
Q

Lymphatic Ducts - 2?

A
  • Right Lymphatic Duct: right upper chest, right arm, right side of head
  • thoracic duct: entire left side of body, plus right lower half
  • ducts empty into large thoracic veins
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19
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Where are tonsils located?

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32
Q

Head and Neck Arteries

A
  • carotid sinus: contains baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure
  • internal carotid: supplies brain
  • external carotid: superficial features, face
  • vetebral: passes through cervical foramen
33
Q

Abdominal Arteries: hepatic, gastric, mesentrics?

A
  • common hepatic: liver
  • gastric: lesser/greater curvature of stomach, duodenum
  • superior mesentric: small intestine, ascending colon, 2/3 transverse
  • inferior mesentric: 1/3 transverse, descending and sigmoid colon
34
Q

Head and Neck Veins: internal jugular? vetebral?

A
  • internal jugular: major drain of blood for cranial cavity
  • vetebral: also drains cranial cavity
35
Q

Deep Abodminal Veins - gonadal?

A
  • right empties into inferior vena cava
  • left empties in right renal vein
36
Q

Hepatic Portal System

A
  • blood from digestive tract drains directly to liver (hepatic portal vein) instead of going to vena cava
  • everything absorbed through gut is filtered first by the liver
37
Q

Upper Limb Veins - cephalic, basilic, radial, ulnar

A
  • cephalic and basilic: drains superficial palmar arches
  • radial and ulnar: deep
    *
38
Q

Lower Limb Veins - deep femoral? saphenous? popliteal?

A
  • deep femoral: drains lateral and posterior thigh
  • great saphenous: longest vein in body, superficial
  • popliteal: drains posterior tibial and fibular

ANAT200-S2 (8 decks)

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