blood Flashcards
Blood - composed of?
Connective Tissue. Red blood cells, leukocytes aka white blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils) platelets
Red Blood Cells - function
carry O2 and CO2 (99% of cells)
White Blood Cells - function of monocytes and lymphocytes
monocytes: become macrophages. lymphocytes: immune response
WBC function: neutro,eosino and basophils
Neutrophil: destroy bacteria. Eosinophil: inflammatory response. Basophil: inflammatory and allergic response
Red Blood Cells - shape? nucleus?
- biconcave disk shaped cells (for greater surface are for gas exchange, also tougher than a sphere when they have to squeeze through capillaries, more resistant to tearing)
- no nucleus - ejected from cell during development
Platelets - what? formation?
- blood cells are formed from stem cells in red bone marrow
- platelets are formed from large cells called megakaryoctes
- platelets are cell gragments that pinch off from the megakaryocytes
- mega - big, karyo - nucleus
Lymphatic System - function? lymph consists of? nodes? produces?
- returns extracellular fluid to blood vascular system
- lymph: dilute protein solution
- lymph nodes filter lymph
- produces lymphocytes that function in immune response
Lymphocytes - two major classes?
- B-Lymphoctyes: formed in bone marrow, produce antibodies
- T-Lymphocytes: formed in thymus gland, killer T cells that destroy pathogens/abnormal cells, and regulatory T-cells that regulate immune response aka modulators
Lymphoid nodules - what? for what?
- densely packed accumulations of lymphocytes
- mount an immune response to antigens
Tonsils - what? function? 3 types?
- aggregates of lymphoid nodules in pharynx
- remove pathogens from inspired air and food
- pharyngeal tonsils, palatine tonsiles, lingual tonsil
Lymph Node - function and vessels?
- function as lymph filters, are major site of immune response to antigens
- many afferent vessels penetrate capsule
- single efferent vessel exits node
Lymphatic Drainage of Breast
- cancer cells metastasize/migrate along lymphatics and become trapped in lymph nodes
- lymph node enlarges, gets filled with cancerous cells
Thymus Gland - location? composition? size? purpose?
- lies posterior to sternum in anterior portion of mediastinum - on top of heart and trachea
- composed of two lobes
- large in early life, undergoes involution in later life - will shrink (young = haven’t been exposed to many antigens, prdouces lots of T cells. later = have all the T cells you need, gland replaced with loose fatty CT)
- source of T Lymphocytes
Spleen - location? size? function?
- big sac of blood located along lateral curvature of stomach
- largest lymphoid organ
- filters blood, removes abnormal blood cells, mounts immune response against circulating antigens
Lymphatic Ducts - 2?
- Right Lymphatic Duct: right upper chest, right arm, right side of head
- thoracic duct: entire left side of body, plus right lower half
- ducts empty into large thoracic veins
Where are tonsils located?
Head and Neck Arteries
- carotid sinus: contains baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure
- internal carotid: supplies brain
- external carotid: superficial features, face
- vetebral: passes through cervical foramen
Abdominal Arteries: hepatic, gastric, mesentrics?
- common hepatic: liver
- gastric: lesser/greater curvature of stomach, duodenum
- superior mesentric: small intestine, ascending colon, 2/3 transverse
- inferior mesentric: 1/3 transverse, descending and sigmoid colon
Head and Neck Veins: internal jugular? vetebral?
- internal jugular: major drain of blood for cranial cavity
- vetebral: also drains cranial cavity
Deep Abodminal Veins - gonadal?
- right empties into inferior vena cava
- left empties in right renal vein
Hepatic Portal System
- blood from digestive tract drains directly to liver (hepatic portal vein) instead of going to vena cava
- everything absorbed through gut is filtered first by the liver
Upper Limb Veins - cephalic, basilic, radial, ulnar
- cephalic and basilic: drains superficial palmar arches
- radial and ulnar: deep
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Lower Limb Veins - deep femoral? saphenous? popliteal?
- deep femoral: drains lateral and posterior thigh
- great saphenous: longest vein in body, superficial
- popliteal: drains posterior tibial and fibular
