int Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Integumentary System

A
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2
Q

Functions of the Int System

A
  • physical and immunological protection
  • thermoregulation (sweat glands and insulation)
  • sensation
  • metabolic functions (Vit D synthesis and stores energy as subcutaneous fat)
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3
Q

Composition

A

Composed of all four tissue types:

  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle
  4. Nerve
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4
Q

Epithelium in Skin (2)

A

covers surface and forms boundary

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5
Q

Connective Tissue in Skin (2)

A

supports epithelium, provides strength and resiliency

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6
Q

Muscle in IS (2)

A

controls diameter of blood vessels, adjusts position of hairs

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7
Q

Nerve Tissue in IS (3)

A

controls smooth muscles, generates sensation, stimulates glands

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8
Q

Skin - size/weight

A

largest organ system of body:

  • ~2 sq meters or 22 sq feet
  • 15% body weight
  • thickness from 0.5 mm to 4.0 mm
  • average thickness 1 - 2 mm
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9
Q
A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Stratum Germinativum - aka? composed of? attached to?

A
  • aka stratum basal (b/c it’s the basal layer, job is to continuously divide)
  • large basal cells
  • firmly attached to basal lamina (which is attached to CT)
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13
Q

basal cells

A

stem cells that divide to give rise to new keratinocytes (found in stratum germinativum/basal)

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14
Q

Stratum Spinosum - composed of?

A
  • “spiny” layer
  • composed of keratinocytes
  • where cells are first called keratinocytes
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15
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • first called in stratum spinosum
  • contain bundles of tonofilaments (intermediate filaments, attach to desmosomes)
  • desmosomes attach keratinocytes together
  • keratinocytes still capable of division
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16
Q

Stratum Granulosum - develop? synthesize? secrete? death?

A
  • “granular” layer
  • develop large numbers of keratin filaments
  • synthesize keratohyalin granules
  • secrete lipids that fill spaces between cells = forms a water repellent sealant
  • cells alive here, but keratinocytes die once ready to leave
17
Q

Stratum Lucidum - found where? large amounts of?

A
  • “clear” layer (because there is so much keratin, once they become dehydrated they become less clear)
  • found only in thick skin of finger tips, palms and soles of feet
  • large amounts of keratin and thickened plasma membranes
18
Q

Stratum Corneum - composition? properties?

A
  • corne = hard or hoof like
  • multiple layers of dead cells
  • cells continuously shed and replaced
  • water repellent barrier
  • protects against abrasion and microbe invasion (more abrasive forces = more layers)
19
Q

Thin vs. Thick Skin (layers - 3)

A
  • stratum corneum much thinner (in thin)
  • other layers less clear in thin
  • papillae less well developed in thiin
20
Q

Thin vs. Thick Skin (location and creation)

A
  • thick: can be turned thin if no abrasive forces
  • thin: found in axilla becasue less abrasive forces
  • thin can be turned thick after being subjected to abrasive forces (blisters, callouses)
21
Q
A
22
Q

Melanocytes (constitute %, produce, contain, transfer)

A
  • constitute 8% epithelial cells
  • produce melanin pigment
  • contain long, slender processes which insert between keratinocytes
  • transfer melanin granules to keratinocytes
23
Q

Langerhans Cell (arise in? migrate to? what kind of cell? funciton in?)

A
  • arise in bone marrow
  • migrate to epidermis
  • phagocytic cells
  • function in immune response
24
Q

Merkel Cells (number? location? function?)

A
  • least numerous cell type
  • located only in basal layer
  • function in touch sensation (delicate touch)
25
Q

skin color due to a combination of?

A
  • dermal blood supply
  • variable quantities of three pigments - melanin (brown/black), pheomelanin( red/yellow), and carotene (yellow/orange)
26
Q

Pale Skin (pink colour due to? dilation of blood vessels? lowered oxygenation..?)

A
  • pink: hemoglobin in dermal blood vessels
  • dilation of BV during inflammation increases red color
  • lowered oxygenation of blood: hemoglobin darkens, skin appears blue (cyanosis)
27
Q

DARk Skin (due to? # melanocytes? melanin synthesis?)

A
  • increased amount of pigment
  • # constant whether in dark light skin (depends on how active they are)
  • rate of melanin synthesis and transfer is increased (which absorbs UV light, prevents DNA damage)
28
Q

Functions of Melanin? (3)

A
  • absorbs UV, prevents UV induced DNA damage
  • pigment accumulates around cell nucleus
  • melanocytes increase rate of synthesis in response to UV exposure - results in tanning
29
Q

UV - induced Skin Damage to Epidermis?

A
  • chromosomal damage
  • causes skin cancer
30
Q

UV induced skin damage to dermis?

A
  • damage to fibroblasts
  • alters composition of extracellular matrix
  • premature wrinkling
31
Q

dermis - what? components (2)?

A
  • connective tissue layer beneath epidermis
  1. superficial papillary layer
  2. deep reticular layer
32
Q

Papillary Layer - properties? type of tissue? purpose? nerve endings?

A
  • thin
  • consists of areolar CT
  • papillae increase area of contact with epidermis
  • nerve endings for: touch, temp sensation, pain, tickle/itch
33
Q

Reticular Layer - properties? tissue type? composed of? function?

A
  • thick
  • consists of dense irregular CT
  • many elastic fibres
  • provides extensibility and elasticity to skin