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ANAT200-S2 > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Cardiovascular System (3)

A
  1. maintain homeostasis
  2. transport of: metabolites/wastes, hormones/signal molecules, dissolved gasses, immune/inflammatory cells
  3. regulation of body temperature
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2
Q

Components (4)

A
  1. Pump - the heart
  2. Conducting Vessels - arteries/veins
  3. Sites for exchange with tissues - capillaries
  4. Drainage System for Excess tissue fluids - lymphatic vessels
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3
Q

Arteries vs. Veins

A

Arteries: away from heart. Veins: back to heart

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4
Q

Two Circuits?

A
  1. Pulmonary circuit: to lungs
  2. Systemic Circuit: to rest of body
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5
Q

Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circuit Diagram

A
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
Q

Location of heart ?

A
  • heart resides in the mediastinum (middle of sternum)
  • mediastinum: region of the thorax between the lungs/pleural cavities - contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and large blood vessels
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14
Q

Pericardium

A
  • heart is contained within the pericardial cavity
  • pericardial cavity is formed by pericardial sac
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15
Q

Heart valves - occur between? insure?

A
  • atria and ventricles (so blood only flows from atria to ventricles)
  • ventricles and outflow vessels: pulmonary artery, artery
  • valves insure: one way flow of blood - open to allow blood through, close to prevent backflow
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16
Q

Blood Flow and Heart Valves (3)

A
  • Tricuspid valve: right atrium and right ventricle
  • Bicuspid/Mitral Valve: Left atrium/ventricle
  • semilunar valves: pulmonary artery and aorta
17
Q

Cardiac cycle - def? what happens?

A
  • all the events associated with one heartbeat
  • the two atria contract while ventricles relax
  • two ventricles contract whil atria relax
18
Q

Diastole vs Systole?

A
  • diastole: relaxation phase
  • Systole: contraction phase
19
Q

Blood Vessels - names of the three layers?

A
  1. tunica interna
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa
20
Q

Tunica Interna (blood vessel)

A

composed of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium) and thin layer of CT

21
Q

Tunica media composition

A

thickest layer, composed of elastic fibers (to allow vessles to expand when ventricle contract and increase blood pressure) and smooth muscle (to control diameter of blood vessel)

22
Q

Tunica Externa - composition? attachment?

A

composed of connective tissue, attaches vessel to surrounding connective tissue = anchors blood vessel in place

23
Q

Elastic (Conducting) Arteries - properties? tunica media? function?

A
  • largest diameter arteries (closest to the heart, like the aorta)
  • tunica media contains high density of elastic fibers
  • stretch and recoil in response to pumping of heart - even out pressure surges (so not a lot of pressure change in capillary beds)
24
Q

Muscular (Distributing) Arteries - size? function? tunica media? able to?

A
  • medium sized arteries
  • distribute blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs (by contracting and relaxing)
  • tunic media: contains predominantly smooth muscle
  • able to vasoconstrict (close) and vasdilate (open)
25
Q

Arterioles - size? layers? function?

A
  • small to microscopic vessels
  • poorly defined tunica externa (so small, don’t need much to anchor them) and media composed of few smooth muscle cells
  • deliver blood to capillaries - change in luminal diameter regulates blood pressure
26
Q

Capillaries - size? function?

A
  • smalles blood vessels
  • connect arterioles to venules: mediate exchange between blood and surrounding tissues
27
Q

Control of Blood flow In Capillary Bed (2)

A
  • precapillary sphincters: control blood flow through capillaries
  • metarterioles: shunt blood through capillary bed when sphincters closed
28
Q

Veins - direction?

A

collect blood from organs and tissues - return it to heart

29
Q

Venules - function? wall?

A
  • collec blood from capillaries
  • wall composed of primarily tunica interna
  • are like wide capillaries
30
Q

Medium/Large Veins - properties of layers?

A
  • tunica externa: thickest layer
  • lots of connective tissue, but not so much smooth muscle ( so small medium)
31
Q

Valves - found where? purpose?

A
  • found in walls of veins (not found in arteries) for uppoer/lower extremities
  • prevent backflow of blood since blood has to travel against gravity
  • venous compression caused by contraction of adjacent muscle aids in maintaining blood flow
32
Q

Fluid Loss to Tissues?

A
  • blood from capillaires to tissues: filtration from plasma into interstitial fluid
  • interstial fluid flows into lymphatic vessels - goes to veins back to heart
33
Q

Lymphatic Vessels - pressure? vessels? cell?

A
  • lymphatic system at extremely low pressure
  • vessels very thin
  • endothelial cells discontinuous
34
Q

Lymph Flow vs. Blood Flow

A
  • blood: actively pumped through vessels by heart
  • Lymph: flows passively along a pressure gradient, no pump
35
Q

Lymphatic Valves - number? purpose?

A
  • large number of valves
  • prevent back flow of lymph

ANAT200-S2 (8 decks)

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