Insulin & Diabetic Medications Flashcards
1
Q
what is the MOA of insulin?
A
- binds to cell surface receptors, leading to activation of tyrosine kinase receptors and phosphorylation cascade –> it promotes the formation and storage of glycogen, proteins, and triglycerides w/in the liver fat & muscle tissues.
2
Q
what are the clinical indications for insulin use?
A
- Rx for patients with type 1 DM & pts w/ type 2 DM that is no longer controlled with oral medications
3
Q
what are the 3 classes of oral agents for DM?
A
- Biguanides
- Sulfonylureas
- Thiazolidinediones
4
Q
what is the MOA for biguanides?
A
- decreases gluconeogensis in the liver & increases glucose uptake
5
Q
what classes of DM medication is the first to be Rx? Why?
A
- Biguanides b/c it does not cause HYPOGLYCEMIA
6
Q
List 1 oral biguanide drug
A
Metformin
7
Q
what are SE of biguanides
A
- diarrhea (common)
- lactic acidosis (greater risk to those w/
8
Q
What is the MOA for sulfonylureas?
A
- increase secretion of insulin by beta cells in the pancrease
- decrease glucagon release
- increase sensitivity of cells to insulin
9
Q
List 3 sulonylureas drugs
A
- glizpizide
- glyburide
- chlorpropamide
10
Q
what are sulfonylureas SE?
A
- hypoglycemia (may be severe)
11
Q
what is a C/I of sulfonylureas
A
- contain sulfa so cautious in pts with sulfa allergies
12
Q
what is the MOA for thiazolidinediones?
A
- activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) to increase glucose uptake in the muscle & fat tissue
13
Q
what is unique about
A
14
Q
what is unique about thiazolidinediones?
A
- used to combat insulin resistance
15
Q
list 2 oral thiazolidinediones
A
- pioglitazone
- rosiglitazone
