Hypertensive Medications Flashcards
what are the 5 classes of anti-hypertensive medications?
- ACE inhibitors & angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist (ARBs)
- Beta blockers
- calcium channel blockers
- Diuretics
- everything else
What are the 4 types of diuretics?
- loop diuretics
- thiazides
- potassium-sparing diuretics
- osmotic diuretics
what is the MOA for ACE inhibitors?
- Prevent formation of angiotensin 2 by inhibitng ACE.
- Block the metabolism of bradykinins, resulting in vasodilation.
List 4 ACE inhibitors?
- Lisinopril
- Benazepril
- enalapril
- captopril
what is the ending for ACE inhibitors?
-pril
what are the SE of ACE inhibitors?
- cough (30%)
- angioedema (swelling of the tongue, lips, and throat).
- hyperkalemia
- renal toxicity in fetus
ACE inhibitors & ARBs are absolutely contraindicated in what?
pregant woman - cause major renal damage in the fetus
what is the MOA of angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist (ARB)?
- reduces blood pressure by inhibitng angiotensin 2
- contraction of vascular smooth muscle
- stimulation of aldosterone secretions
list 4 ARB med.
- losartan
- Valsartan
- candesartan
- irbesartan
what is the suffix of ARBs?
-sartan
what are the SE of ARBs?
- Hyperkalemia
- renal toxicity
ARBs do not cause what kind of SE as opposed to ACE inhibitors?
- cough
what is the MOA of beta blockers?
- Non-selective beta 1 & beta 2 receptor antagonist.
- Block the release of renin from the kidneys.
List 2 non-selective beta blockers.
- propranolol
- labetalol
list 4 selective beta 1 blockers
- metoprolol
- atenolol
- acebutolol
- esmolol
what is the suffix for beta blockers?
-olol
what are the SE of beta blockers?
- CNS - disorientation, depression, fatigue, sedation
- Cardiovascular - bradycardia, arrhythmias, heart failure
- Pulomonary - dyspnea, wheezzing, bronchospasm
- Digestive - nausea, vomit, diarrhea, ab pain
- reproductive - erectile dysfunction
wha is the advantage of be being a beta 1 selective blocker?
- less likely to cause bronchospasm b/c no beta 1 receptors in lungs.
- advantage in when treating pts w/ asthma.
beta blockers that start with letters a-m are what type of selective (non-selective or selective)?
selective beta 1
what topical beta blocker does not have local anesthetic effects?
Timolol
what are the disaddvantages of local anesthetic effects in topical beta blockers (for eye)?
- decrease protective reflexes
- increase risk of corneal ulceration
