Hypertensive Medications

Question 1

what are the 5 classes of anti-hypertensive medications?

Answer 1

1. ACE inhibitors & angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist (ARBs)
2. Beta blockers
3. calcium channel blockers
4. Diuretics
5. everything else

Question 2

What are the 4 types of diuretics?

Answer 2

1. loop diuretics
2. thiazides
3. potassium-sparing diuretics
4. osmotic diuretics

Question 3

what is the MOA for ACE inhibitors?

Answer 3

1. Prevent formation of angiotensin 2 by inhibitng ACE.
2. Block the metabolism of bradykinins, resulting in vasodilation.

Question 4

List 4 ACE inhibitors?

Answer 4

1. Lisinopril
2. Benazepril
3. enalapril
4. captopril

Question 5

what is the ending for ACE inhibitors?

Answer 5

-pril

Question 6

what are the SE of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 6

1. cough (30%)
2. angioedema (swelling of the tongue, lips, and throat).
3. hyperkalemia
4. renal toxicity in fetus

Question 7

ACE inhibitors & ARBs are absolutely contraindicated in what?

Answer 7

pregant woman - cause major renal damage in the fetus

Question 8

what is the MOA of angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist (ARB)?

Answer 8

1. reduces blood pressure by inhibitng angiotensin 2
2. contraction of vascular smooth muscle
3. stimulation of aldosterone secretions

Question 9

list 4 ARB med.

Answer 9

1. losartan
2. Valsartan
3. candesartan
4. irbesartan

Question 10

what is the suffix of ARBs?

Answer 10

-sartan

Question 11

what are the SE of ARBs?

Answer 11

1. Hyperkalemia
2. renal toxicity

Question 12

ARBs do not cause what kind of SE as opposed to ACE inhibitors?

Answer 12

• cough

Question 13

what is the MOA of beta blockers?

Answer 13

1. Non-selective beta 1 & beta 2 receptor antagonist.
2. Block the release of renin from the kidneys.

Question 14

List 2 non-selective beta blockers.

Answer 14

1. propranolol
2. labetalol

Question 15

list 4 selective beta 1 blockers

Answer 15

1. metoprolol
2. atenolol
3. acebutolol
4. esmolol

Question 16

what is the suffix for beta blockers?

Answer 16

-olol

Question 17

what are the SE of beta blockers?

Answer 17

• CNS - disorientation, depression, fatigue, sedation
• Cardiovascular - bradycardia, arrhythmias, heart failure
• Pulomonary - dyspnea, wheezzing, bronchospasm
• Digestive - nausea, vomit, diarrhea, ab pain
• reproductive - erectile dysfunction

Question 18

wha is the advantage of be being a beta 1 selective blocker?

Answer 18

• less likely to cause bronchospasm b/c no beta 1 receptors in lungs.
• advantage in when treating pts w/ asthma.

Question 19

beta blockers that start with letters a-m are what type of selective (non-selective or selective)?

Answer 19

selective beta 1

Question 20

what topical beta blocker does not have local anesthetic effects?

Answer 20

Timolol

Question 21

what are the disaddvantages of local anesthetic effects in topical beta blockers (for eye)?

Answer 21

1. decrease protective reflexes
2. increase risk of corneal ulceration