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general pharmacology > Cold and Allergy medications > Flashcards

Cold and Allergy medications Flashcards

1
Q

What cold medication is used to limit the symptoms of nasal congestion?

A
  • Pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
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2
Q

What is the MOA of Sudafed?

A

It’s a non-specific alpha and beta adrenergic receptor agonist

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3
Q

What are side effects of sudafed?

A

1.

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4
Q

what receptors does the sympathetic nervous system act on?

A

adrenergic receptors – alpha & beta

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5
Q

What are the main effects of sympathetic system?

A
  1. fight or flight response
  2. tachycardia
  3. bronchodilation
  4. mydriasis (pupil dilation)
  5. decrease secretions (dry)

Pneumonic: My Bro Dilates Too Damn Fuckn Fast

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6
Q

what are 2 unique ocular side effects of sudafed?

A
  1. diplopia
  2. blurred vision
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7
Q

List the steps in histamine release?

A
  1. IgE antibodies bind to Fc receptors on the surface of mast cells & basophils, making them IgE-sensitized mast cells.
  2. Exposure to allergen leads mast cell degranulation, which is release of histamine, platelet activating factor, leukotrienes, kinins.
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8
Q

What are the types of histamine receptors? Where are each located?

A
  1. H1 receptor –> located in smooth muscle of bronchi, BV, intestines.
  2. H2 receptor –> located in gastric parietal cells, heart, pulmonary BV & cells of the immune system.
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9
Q

Activation of H1 receptors causes what?

A
  1. itching
  2. vasodilation
  3. increased vascular permability
  4. contraction of smooth muscle in GI tract
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10
Q

Activation of H2 receptors causes what?

A
  1. itching
  2. vasodilation
  3. m,mucous discharge
  4. gastric secretion
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11
Q

what is the primary histamine receptor in the eye? What does it cause to the eye?

A
  • H1
  • itching, tearing, chemosis of the conj & eyelids, hypermia of conj BV, papillary rxn.
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12
Q

What is the MOA of H1 antihistamines?

A

Block interaction between histamine and the histamine receptor (H1).

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13
Q

Difference between 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines?

A

1st gen –> easily enter the brain thus causes CNS issues. 2nd gen do not.
* Main CNS issue is sedation.

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14
Q

List 4 first gen systemic antihistamines drugs.

A
  1. diphenhydramine (benadryl)
  2. chlorpheniramine
  3. brompheniramine
  4. promethazine
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15
Q

what are the SE of 1st gen systemic antihistamines?

A
  1. sedation
  2. dizziness
  3. insomia
  4. anticholinergic effects (mydriasis, dry eyes & mouth, tachycardia)
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16
Q

what are the clinical indications for 1st gen systemic antihistamine?

A
  1. allergic skin rxns (hives, contact dermatitis)
  2. motion sickness (prophylactic)
17
Q

Specific Ocular Side effects to promethazine?

A
  1. corneal epithelial keratopathy
  2. corneal endothelial pigmentation
  3. lenticular changes
  4. pigmentary retinopathy
18
Q

what is the only H1 topical antihistamine available?

A
  1. Emedastine
19
Q

List 3 2nd gen systemic H1 antihistamine.

A
  1. loratadine (claritin)
  2. fexofenadine (allegra)
  3. cetirizine (zyrtec)
20
Q

what are the clinical indications for 2nd gen systemic H1 antihistamines?

A
  1. allergic rhinitis
  2. chronic urticara (hives)
21
Q

what are SE of 2nd gen systemic H1 antihistamines?

A
  1. less CNS effects
  2. less adrenergic effects
22
Q

what is a unique SE of ceterizine?

A

oculogyric crisis (abnormal EOM contractions)

23
Q

MOA for topical mast cell stabalizers work?

A
  • act on exposed mast cells & inhibit their degranulation by preventing calcium influx upon re-exposure to the antigen –> not as effective in acute allergic symptoms
24
Q

How long does it take a mast cell stablizers to work?

A
  • takes a couple of days to weeks
25
Q

What are some clincal indications for topical mast cell stabilizers?

A
  1. chronic allergic conjunctivitis
  2. vernal conjunctivitis
  3. atopic keratoconjunctivitis
26
Q

List 4 topical mast cell stabilizers.

A
  1. cromolyn sodium
  2. lodoxamine
  3. pemirolast
  4. nedocromil
27
Q

What are the benefits of topical mast cell-antihistamine combinations?

A
  • good for acute and long term managment of allergic conjunctivitis.
28
Q

List 6 topical mast cell-antihistamine combination drops. what is the penumonic for it?

A
  1. bepptastine (Bepreve)
  2. epinastine (Elestat)
  3. ketotifen (Zaditor)
  4. olopatadine 10% (Patanol)
  5. azelastine (Optivar)
  6. olopatadine 20% (Pataday)

Pneumonic: BEZPOP

general pharmacology (6 decks)

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