Insulin Administration

Question 1

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and lowers the blood glucose level after meals by facilitating the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle, fat, and liver cells. In the absence of adequate insulin, pharmacologic therapy is essential.

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

The storage and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are controlled by insulin, particularly in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue.

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 2

It is the key that unlocks the door to the cell allowing transport of nutrients inside.

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 2

the primary treatment for all patients with Type 1 diabetes and some Type 2 diabetics who are not adequately controlled by diet and/or oral hypoglycemic agents.

Answer 2

Insulin Therapy

Question 3

Rapid Acting Insulin

Answer 3

Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novolog)
Glulisine (Apidra)

Question 4

Rapid Acting Inhaled Insulin

Answer 4

Afrezza

Question 5

Short Acting Insulin

Answer 5

Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R, iletin II regular)

Question 6

Intermediate Acting

Answer 6

Neutral protamine hagedorn

Humulin N, iletin II hour, Lente, iletin II NPH, Novolin N (NPH)

Question 7

Very Long Acting

Answer 7

Glargine (Lantus)
Detemir (Levemir)
Glargine (Toujeo)

Question 8

Produce a more rapid effect that is of shorter duration than regular insulin.

Because of their rapid onset, the patient should be instructed to eat no more than 5-15 minutes after injection.

Answer 8

Rapid-Acting Insulin

Question 9

For types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, it was approved by the FDA in June 2014.

It is regular insulin but is considered rapid-acting because it peaks at 12-15 minutes and returns to baseline levels at about 160 minutes.

Answer 9

Rapid-Acting Inhaled Insulin

Question 10

Regular insulin (marked “R” on the bottle).

A clear solution and is usually given 15 minutes before a meal, either alone or in a combination with a long-acting insulin.

Answer 10

Short-Acting Insulin

Question 11

Can be administered via IV (push or drip).

Usually given 20-30 minutes before a meal; may be taken alone or in combination with long-acting insulin.

Answer 11

Short-Acting Insulin

Question 12

Are called NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn) or Lente insulin.

Similarly in the time course of action, it appears white and cloudy.

Answer 12

Intermediate-Acting Insulin

Question 13

If NPH or Lente insulin is taken alone, it is not crucial that it be taken before a meal but patients should eat some food around the time of the onset and peak of these insulins.

Usually taken after food.

Answer 13

Intermediate-Acting Insulin

Question 14

“Peakless” basal insulin.

The insulin is absorbed very slowly over 24 hours and can be given once a day.

Answer 14

Very Long-Acting Insulin

Question 15

Because the insulin is in the suspension with a pH of 4, it cannot be mixed with other insulins because this would cause precipitation.

Used for basal dose.

Answer 15

Very Long-Acting Insulin

Question 16

Methods of Insulin Delivery

use small (150 to 300 unit) pre-filled insulin cartridges that are loaded into a pen-like holder.

A disposable needle is attached to the device for insulin injection.

Insulin is delivered by dialing in a dose or pushing a button for every 1- or 2-unit increment given.

Answer 16

Insulin Pen

Question 17

Methods of Insulin Delivery

People using these devices still need to insert the needle for each injection. However, they do not need to carry insulin bottles or draw up insulin before each injection.

These devices are most useful for patients who need to inject only one type of insulin at a time (e.g., premeal rapid acting insulin three times a day and bedtime NPH insulin) or who can use the premixed insulins.

Answer 17

Insulin Pen

Question 18

Methods of Insulin Delivery

These pens are convenient for those who administer insulin before dinner if eating out or traveling.

They are also useful for patients with impaired manual dexterity, vision, or cognitive function, which makes the use of traditional syringes difficult.

Answer 18

Insulin Pen

Question 19

Methods of Insulin Delivery

These pens are convenient for those who administer insulin before dinner if eating out or traveling.

They are also useful for patients with impaired manual dexterity, vision, or cognitive function, which makes the use of traditional syringes difficult.

Answer 19

Jet Injectors

Question 20

Methods of Insulin Delivery

In addition, patients should be cautioned that absorption rates, peak insulin activity, and insulin levels may be different when changing to a jet injector (insulin given by jet injector is usually absorbed faster).

Answer 20

Jet Injectors

Question 21

Methods of Insulin Delivery

An insulin pump administers insulin through a catheter in the abdominal fat to help control a person’s blood sugar levels.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion involves the use of small, externally worn devices (insulin pumps) that closely mimic the functioning of the normal pancreas.

Answer 21

Insulin Pumps

Question 22

Methods of Insulin Delivery

Insulin pumps contain a 3 mL syringe attached to a long (24-42 inches) thin, narrow-lumen tube with a needle or Teflon catheter attached to the end.

The patient inserts the needle or catheter into subcutaneous tissue (usually on the abdomen) and secures it with tape or a transparent dressing.

Answer 22

Insulin Pumps

Question 23

Methods of Insulin Delivery

The needle or catheter is changed at least every 3 days.

The pump is then worn either on the patient’s clothing or in a pocket.

Some women keep the pump tucked into the front or side of the bra.

Answer 23

Insulin Pumps