Insulin Flashcards
What is the natural profile of insulin secretion?
Basal insulin (low steady secretion of background insulin that controls the glucose continuously released from the liver) and meal-time bolus insulin (secreted in response to glucose absorbed from food and drink).
Absorption of insulin is fastest where?
Abdomen, the outer thigh/buttocks is slower.
How many different (broad) categories of insulin preparations are there? what are they?
- Short-acting (soluble insulin and long-acting insulins).
Intermediate acting insulins.
Long-acting insulins.
What are some examples of short-acting insulin preparations?
- Soluble insulin (human, bovine or porcine)
2. Rapid-acting insulin analogues such as aspart, glulisine and lispro.
When is soluble insulin the most appropriate form of insulin?
For treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and peri-operatively.
What are some exampls of intermediate-acting insulins ?
Isophane insulin: a suspension of insulin with protamine
Aspart, Glulisine and Lispro are what?
Rapid acting
What are biphasic insulins?
They are pre-mixed insulin preperations containing various combinations of short-acting insulin (soluble insulin or rapid-acting analogue insulin) and an intermediate-acting insulin.
When should biphasic insulins be administered?
Subcut injection immediately before a meal.
What are some examples of the long-acting insulins?
Protamine zinc insulin Insulin zinc suspension Insulin determir Insulin glargine insulin degludec
what is the method of action of long-acting insulin?
Mimic endogenous basal insulin secretion, but their duration of action may last up to 36 hours.
How often is insulin detemir given?
once or twice daily.
How often is insulin glargine or insulin degludec given?
once daily
Insulin determir
Long acting
Insulin glargine
Long acting
