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AAS 1 > Instruments and Equipment > Flashcards

Instruments and Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the critical six?

A
  1. Airspeed Indicator
  2. Vertical Speed Indicator
  3. Attitude Indicator
  4. Directional Gyro
  5. Altimeter
  6. Turn and Bank Indicator or Turn Coordinator
    (remember AVADA KEDAVRA)
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2
Q

What is an Attitude Indicator (AI)?

A

An attitude indicator (Al), also known as gyro horizon or artificial horizon or attitude director indicator (ADI, when it has a Flight Director) an instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the orientation oft aircraft relative to Earth’s horizon

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3
Q

What is an Attitude Director Indicator (ADI)?

A

An Attitude Indicator that has a flight director

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4
Q

What is a Turn and Bank with Inclinometer?

A

Two aircraft flight instruments in one device. One indicates the rate of turn, or the rate of change in the aircraft’s heading, the other part indicates whether the aircraft is in coordinated flight, showing the slip or skid of the turn.

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5
Q

What is a turn coordinator?

A

The turn coordinator (TC) is a further development of the turn and slip indicator (T/S) with the major difference being the display and the axis upon which the gimbal is mounted.

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6
Q

What is a Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)?

A

The flight instruments in an aircraft used to inform the pilot of the rate of descent or climb.

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7
Q

What is an Altimeter?

A

A sensitive aneroid barometer that is graduated and calibrated, used chiefly in aircraft for finding distance above sea level, terrain, or some other reference point by a comparison of air pressures.
(Altitude)

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8
Q

What is a Directional Gyro?

A

The Directional Gyro is a flight instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the aircraft’s heading.

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9
Q

What is a Heading Indicator?

A

When additional navigational features are added to the basic DG, and a slight change in the display, the new instrument is known as a heading indicator.

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10
Q

What is a Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)?

A

Combines the information supplied by a heading indicator with radio navigation information all on one instrument.

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11
Q

What is a Pitot Static System?

A

A pitot-static system is a system of pressure-sensitive instruments that is most often used in aviation to determine an aircraft’s airspeed, Mach number, altitude, and altitude trend.

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12
Q

What is a Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)?

A

The RMI can be used for VOR navigation as well as ADF navigation.
Most single-needle RMs have a switch that allows the pilot to select either an ADF or VOR station to which the needle can point.

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13
Q

What is a Digital Distance Radio Magnetic Indicator or Radio Distance
Magnetic Indicator?

A

Counters Indicate DME distance to the tuned VORs.

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14
Q

What is Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)?

A

Transponder-based radio navigation technology that measures slant range distance by timing the propagation delay of VHF or UHF radio signals.

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15
Q

What is a Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)?

A

in aircraft navigation to determine an aircraft’s lateral position in direction to a course. If the location of the aircraft is to the left of course, needle deflects to the right, and vice versa. Will also show vertical reference for Glideslope.

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16
Q

What is a Primary Flight Display (PFD)?

A

Modern aircraft instrument dedicated to flight information.

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17
Q

What is a Multifunction
Display (MFD)?

A

MFDs allow pilots to display their navigation route, moving map, rather radar, NEXRAD, ground proximity warning system, traffic ision avoidance system, and airport information all on the same screen.

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18
Q

What is an Electronic Flight Instrument System?

A

An electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) is a flight deck instrument display system that displays flight data electronically rather than electromechanically. An EFIS normally consists of a primary flight display (PFD), multi-function display (MFD), and an engine indicating and crew alerting system (EICAS) display.

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19
Q

What is a Line Replaceable Unit
(LRU)?

A

A modular component of an airplane, ship or spacecraft (or any other manufactured device) that is designed to be replaced quickly at an operating location

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20
Q

What is a Mode Control Panel?

A

An instrument panel that controls an advanced autopilot and related systems such as an automated flight-director system (AFDS).

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21
Q

What is the Flight Management System (FMS)?

A

A component of a modern airliner’s avionics. An FMS is a specialized computer system that automates a wide variety of inflight tasks, reducing the workload on the flight crew to the point that modern civilian aircraft no longer carry flight engineers or navigators.

22
Q

What is a Control Display Unit (CDU)?

A

The FMS is normally controlled through a Control Display Unit (CDU) which incorporates a small screen and keyboard or touchscreen.

23
Q

What are the Flight Management Computers (FMC)?

A

The FMC provides the primary navigation, flight planning, and optimized terminal routes and en route guidance for the aircraft and is typically comprised of interrelated functions such as navigation, flight planning, trajectory prediction, performance computations, and guidance.

24
Q

What is an Engine-Indicating and Crew-Alerting System (EICAS)?

A

An engine-indicating and crew-alerting system (EICAS) is an integrated system used in modern aircraft to provide aircraft crew with aircraft engines and other systems instrumentation and crew annunciations.

25
Q

What is ETOPS?

A

Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards, a rule which permits twin engine aircraft to fly routes which, at some point, are more than 60 minutes flying time away from the nearest airport suitable for emergency landing

26
Q

What is RVSM?

A

Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum is defined as the reduction of vertical space between aircraft from 2,000 to 1,000 feet at flight levels from 29,000 feet up to 41,000 feet.

27
Q

What is the Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)?

A

Generally an on-board system aimed at preventing unintentional impacts with the ground, termed “controlled flight into terrain” accidents, or CFIT

28
Q

What is the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)?

A

A system designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an obstacle.

29
Q

What is the Traffic Collision Avoidance
System (TCAS)?

A

An aircraft collision avoidance system designed to reduce the incidence of mid-air collisions between aircraft. It monitors the airspace around an aircraft for other aircraft equipped with a corresponding active transponder, independent of air traffic control, and warns pilots of the presence of other transponder-equipped aircraft which may present a threat of mid-air collision (MAC).

30
Q

What is the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)?

A

A surveillance technology in which an aircraft determines its position via satellite navigation and periodically broadcasts it, enabling it to be tracked. The information can be received by air traffic control ground stations as a replacement for secondary surveillance radar, as no interrogation signal is needed from the ground. It can also be received by other aircraft to provide situational awareness and allow self-separation.

31
Q

What is Very High Frequency (VHF)?

A

Radio Communications used for line sight or short distance communications.

32
Q

What is the Audio Select Panel?

A

Used to select which Audio Source to listen to or which frequency to broadcast on with microphone.

33
Q

What is the Standby Magnetic Compass?

A

The standby magnetic compass, located on top of both instrument panel glareshields, indicates
the aircraft’s approximate magnetic heading.

34
Q

What is a Weather Radar?

A

Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.).

35
Q

What is the Instrument Landing System (ILS)?

A

Enables pilots to conduct an instrument approach to landing if they are unable to establish visual contact with the runway.
By using:
Localizer-Horizontal
Guidence to runway at landing
Glideslope-Vertical
Guidenance to runway at landing
Marker Beacon-Distance to end of runway

36
Q

What is VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR)?

A

A type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling aircraft with a receiving unit to determine their position and stay on course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio beacons.

37
Q

What does the Radar or Radio Altimeter?

A

Measures altitude above the terrain presently beneath an aircraft or spacecraft by timing how long it takes a beam of radio waves to reflect from the ground and return to the plane. This type of altimeter provides the distance between the antenna and the ground directly below it, in contrast to a barometric altimeter which provides the distance above a defined datum, usually mean sea level.

38
Q

What is the Air Transport Association (ATA)?

A

ATA numbering system which is a common referencing standard for commercial aircraft documentation.

39
Q

What is the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)?

A

The primary purpose of an aircraft APU is to provide power to start the main engines.
They also generally produce 115 V alternating current (AC) at 400 Hz, to run the electrical systems of the aircraft;

40
Q

What is Ground Power Unit (GPU)?

A

Supply’s power to aircraft parked on the ground. Ground power units may also be built into the jetway, making it even easier to supply electrical power to aircraft. Many aircraft require 28 V of direct current and 115 V 400 Hz of alternating current.

41
Q

What is an Air Start Unit (ASU) or
Huffer Cart?

A

Air Start Unit is a device used to start the aircraft’s engines when the ft’s APU is not operational. It has an external engine that creates large es of pressurized air used to start large gas turbine jet engines on some types of aircraft.

42
Q

What is Automatic Terminal Information
Service (ATIS)?

A

ATIS broadcasts contain essential information, such as current weathe information, active runways, available approaches, and any other information required by the pilots, such as important NOTAMs.

43
Q

What are Visual Flight Rules (VFR)?

A

A set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going.

44
Q

What are Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)?

A

When operation of an aircraft under VFR is not safe, because the visual cues outside the aircraft are obscured by weather or darkness, instrument flight rules must be used instead.

45
Q

What are the 4 types of engines?

A

Turbo Jet = Turbine
Turbo Fan = Turbine
Turbo Prop = Turbine
Reciprocating = Piston

46
Q

What is a Fixed-Base Operator (FBO)?

A

A fixed-base operator (FBO) is an organization granted the right by an airport to operate at the airport and provide aeronautical services such as fueling, hangaring, tie-down and parking, aircraft rental, aircraft maintenance, flight instruction, and similar services.

47
Q

Who is Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul (MRO)?

A

An MRO is a Maintenance and Repair Organization. Therefore, naturally, an aviation or aircraft MRO is a company which specializes in performing maintenance actions on aircraft and their components, such as jet engines and landing gear.

48
Q

Who is Boeing?

A

The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide. The company also provides leasing and product support services. Boeing is among the largest global aerospace manufacturers;
it is the fifth-largest defense contractor in the world based on 2017 revenue, and is the largest exporter in the United States by dollar value.

49
Q

Who is Airbus?

A

Airbus is a European multinational aerospace corporation, registered in the Netherlands and trading shares in France, Germany and Spain. It designs, manufactures and sells civil and military aerospace products worldwide and manufactures in the European Union and various other countries. The company has three divisions: Commercial Aircraft, Defense and Space, and Helicopters, the third being the largest in its industry in terms of revenues and turbine helicopter deliveries.

50
Q

Who is Embraer Aircraft (ERJ)?

A

A Brazilian aerospace conglomerate that produces commercial, military, executive and agricultural aircraft[6] and provides aeronautical services. It is headquartered in São José dos Campos, São Paulo.
The company is the third largest producer of civil aircraft, after Boeing and Airbus.

51
Q

Who is Canadair Regional Jet (CRJ)?

A

The Bombardier CRJ (for Canadair Regional Jet) is a family of regional airliners manufactured by Bombardier. Bombardier claims it is the most successful family of regional jets in the world. [1] By October 2018, 1,800
CRJs have been delivered.

52
Q

What is the Dirty Dozen and what are they?

A
  1. Lack of communication
  2. Complacency
  3. Lack of Knowledge
  4. Distractions
  5. Lack of Teamwork
  6. Fatigue
  7. Lack of Resources
  8. Pressure
  9. Lack of Assertiveness
  10. Stress
  11. Lack of Awareness
  12. Norms

AAS 1 (25 decks)

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