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Air Law > Instrument Procedures - Approaches > Flashcards

Instrument Procedures - Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

How many categories of aircraft exist?

A

5 categories

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2
Q

What is approach speed based on?

A

VAT Speed

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3
Q

How is VAT speed calculated?

A

1.23 x VS1G

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4
Q

Aircraft Categories and approach speeds.

A

A - <91

B - 91/120

C - 121/140

D - 141/165

E - 166/210

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5
Q

MSA / TAA OBS Clearance

A

300m/ 1000ft within 25nm of navaid for approach.

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6
Q

When can we descend below MSA?

A

ARPT/TERR in visual contact

Aircraft is being radar vectored

Aircraft is flying a published procedure.

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7
Q

Precision Approaches

A

Runway based

ILS, MLS, PAR

Maximum half scale deflection

DH/DA

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8
Q

Non Precision Approaches

A

Aerodrome based.

MDA/MDH

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9
Q

Which is higher, MDA or OCH/OCA?

A

MDA.

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10
Q

Who sets OCH/OCA?

A

Set by the State

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11
Q

Glideslope is lost during an ILS approach. What happens?

A

Becomes non-precision approach, must go around.

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12
Q

What must be passed over during a missed approach?

A

Missed Approach point (MAPt)

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13
Q

Visual Approach

A

Part of an instrument approach.

Met conditions allow a visual approach and landing to be accomplished.

MUST follow instrument approach profile

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14
Q

Is there need for VMC in a visual approach?

A

No need for VMC.

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15
Q

Who is responsible for separation during a visual approach?

A

Separation must be provided by ATC between cleared aircraft and other arr/dep.

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16
Q

Limitations for non-precision

Limitations for Precision

A

NP - no lower than 1000ft

Precision - not past OM

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17
Q

Arrival Procedure Segments

A

Arrival

Initial (IAF)

Intermediate (IF)

Final (FAF)

Missed Approach (MAP/MAPt)

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18
Q

Arrival Segment

A

Permits transition from en-route phase to approach phase

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19
Q

Initial Segment

A

Aircraft has left en-route structure and entering the instrument procedure

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20
Q

Intermediate Segment

A

Speed and configuration is adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach.

MOC reduces from 300m to 150m.

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21
Q

Final Segment

A

Alignment and descent for landing are made.

Optimum 5nm, max 10nm

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22
Q

Missed Approach

A

Must be followed if approach cannot be continued.

23
Q

Straight in approach

A

Convergence of 30° or less to the FAT.

24
Q

NDB approach

A

5° either side to FAT.

25
Q

Primary Obstacle Clearance

A

300/600m, reduces to 0.

26
Q

What approach navaid is most accurate for track guidance and bearing?

A

ILS

27
Q

What approach navaid is most accurate for overhead position?

A

NDB

28
Q

What does axis does precision approach use?

A

Azimuth, glidepath.

29
Q

Where do STARS commence and end?

A

At end of route, terminate at IAF

30
Q

Maximum intercept IAF to IF

A

90 degrees.

31
Q

CDFA

A

Continuous Descent - Depart from IAF at constant descent rate

32
Q

Terrain Clearance Responsbility

A

Commander ALWAYS responsible, except during radar vectors.

33
Q

Calculation of MDA/MDH with FAF and NO FAF.

A

If FAF exists, 75m (250ft), MOC above highest obstacle.

If no FAF, 90m (300ft)

34
Q

Calculation of MDH/MDA (Circling)

Obstacle clearance shall not be less for:

A

CAT A - 120m
MOC 90m
CAT B - 150m

CAT C - 180m
MOC 120m
CAT D - 210m

CAT E - 240m MOC 150m

35
Q

Optimum Descent Gradient on final approach

A

5.2%

36
Q

Max Permissible Descent Gradient (APP)

A

6.5%. If over, require authority approval.

37
Q

Track Reversals/ Reciprocated turns (time) for CAT A&B, CAT C&D&E.

A

CAT A, B - 1 minute

CAT C, D, E - 1m15s

38
Q

Missed Approach Procedure

A

Designed to provide protection from obstacles

39
Q

Missed Approach: Initial Phase

A

Begins at MAPt, terminates when established on climb.

No turns are permitted.

40
Q

Missed Approach: Intermediate segment

A

2.5% Climb Gradient ensures 30m obstacle clearance at all times.

Turns up to 15° are permitted.

41
Q

Missed Approach: Final Phase

A

Begins at 50 m obstacle clearance which can be maintained

Turns over 15° are permitted

Aircraft now initiates a new approach, hold/returns en route.

42
Q

Missed Approach Point (MAPt)

A

Can be defined from a:

  • Navigation Facility
  • Fix (including NDB!)
  • Specified distance from fix.
43
Q

May pilots use timing for the MAPt?

A

Pilots may use timing, unless “timing not authorised for defining MAPt”

44
Q

What is the purpose of the MAPt

A

Ensures MOC is not “infringed” during missed approach procedure

45
Q

RNAV Approaches

A

Non Precision, based on co-located VOR/DME

46
Q

RNAV Equipment

A

Must be approved by state of operator

47
Q

What is the most important factor with regards to instrument approaches?

A

Speed

48
Q

Visual Manoeuvring Circling - VM(C)

A

Non-precision approach.

49
Q

Where is VM(C) permitted?

A

Permitted only in the VM (C) area

50
Q

Prohibited sector VM(C)

A

Should there be obstacles within this area, whole area may be precluded.

51
Q

Why is it circling approach different?

A

RWY Layout

Met conditions

Final Approach Track (FAT)

52
Q

Missed Approach Procedure - VM(C)

A

Pilot will commence a climbing turn, TOWARDS INSTRUMENT RUNWAY, fly overhead aerodrome and CARRY OUT MISSED APPROACH PROCEDURE for INSTRUMENT RUNWAY

53
Q

Minimum visibility for VM(C) aircraft categories:

A

CAT A 1

CAT B 1.5

CAT C 2

CAT D 2.5

CAT E 3.5

Air Law (18 decks)

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