Holding Procedures Flashcards
Who responsible for aircraft separation?
Responsibility of APP controller
Standard Holding Pattern
RH
Non-Standard Holding Pattern
LH
En-Route Holding Pattern
RH
Shape of Hold
Rate 1 Turn, 25° Bank, whichever less.
Labelling Hold
Right Side : Parallel
Left Side: Offset
Behind: Direct
Hold Timings
14,000 feet and below – 1 minute
About 14,000 feet - 1.5 minutes
Outbound timings
Begin over/abeam the fix whichever is the later.
What must pilots allow for in the hold?
Pilots to allow for wind, to maintain both heading and timing to stick to holding track.
Standard timings apply, except for:
Unless a DME turning point published
DME turning point
Take higher priority over timing
Speed in the hold
Up to FL140: 230kt normal // 280kt turbulence
*CAT A/B 170kt // 170kt (exam Q)
Above FL140: 240kt normal // 280kt turbulence.
What are Hold Entry Sectors based on?
Magnetic Heading
Amount of flexibility permitted either side of Hold Entry
5° - pilot has a choice of either sector
Parallel
Inbound heading 70° turn, follow pattern
Offset entry
Offset by 30°
Direct
Direct
Illustrating a Hold
Parallel (1) on the right
Offset (2) on the left
Direct (3) on the behind
When must the holding level be established?
5NM prior reaching holding fix
LHA (Lowest holding altitude)
MOC
300 m standard
600 m over mountainous terrain
Buffer Zone
5NM wide, decreases away from centre, zero at extremity.
