Holding Procedures

Question 1

Who responsible for aircraft separation?

Answer 1

Responsibility of APP controller

Question 2

Standard Holding Pattern

Answer 2

RH

Question 3

Non-Standard Holding Pattern

Answer 3

LH

Question 4

En-Route Holding Pattern

Answer 4

RH

Question 5

Shape of Hold

Answer 5

Rate 1 Turn, 25° Bank, whichever less.

Question 6

Labelling Hold

Answer 6

Right Side : Parallel

Left Side: Offset

Behind: Direct

Question 7

Hold Timings

Answer 7

14,000 feet and below – 1 minute

About 14,000 feet - 1.5 minutes

Question 8

Outbound timings

Answer 8

Begin over/abeam the fix whichever is the later.

Question 9

What must pilots allow for in the hold?

Answer 9

Pilots to allow for wind, to maintain both heading and timing to stick to holding track.

Question 10

Standard timings apply, except for:

Answer 10

Unless a DME turning point published

Question 11

DME turning point

Answer 11

Take higher priority over timing

Question 12

Speed in the hold

Answer 12

Up to FL140: 230kt normal // 280kt turbulence
*CAT A/B 170kt // 170kt (exam Q)

Above FL140: 240kt normal // 280kt turbulence.

Question 13

What are Hold Entry Sectors based on?

Answer 13

Magnetic Heading

Question 14

Amount of flexibility permitted either side of Hold Entry

Answer 14

5° - pilot has a choice of either sector

Question 15

Parallel

Answer 15

Inbound heading 70° turn, follow pattern

Question 16

Offset entry

Answer 16

Offset by 30°

Question 17

Direct

Answer 17

Direct

Question 18

Illustrating a Hold

Answer 18

Parallel (1) on the right

Offset (2) on the left

Direct (3) on the behind

Question 19

When must the holding level be established?

Answer 19

5NM prior reaching holding fix

Question 20

LHA (Lowest holding altitude)

Answer 20

MOC

300 m standard
600 m over mountainous terrain

Question 21

Buffer Zone

Answer 21

5NM wide, decreases away from centre, zero at extremity.