Instrument Approach Charts (IAPs) Flashcards
What are IAPs?
A formalized way to get the aircraft from en-route to the runway via a safe path free of obstacles.
When are IAPs issued?
both JEPP and NACO
56 days
When does NACO send out a Change Notice
28 days
Types of Approaches:
Precision (PA)
Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV)
Non-Precision Approach (NPA)
Precision Approach
Examples?
Instrument approach basd on navigation systems that provides course and glidepath deviation meeting precision standards (ICAO Annex 10)
Ex. PAR, ILS, GLS
What ways are there to begin an approach? (3)
Feeder Route/Transition
Initial Approach Fix (IAF)
Radar Vectors
What are the Approach Segments (4)
Initial Fix
Intermediate Fix
Final Approach Fix
Missed Approach Point
A precision approach begins at….
Glide Slope Intercept
A Non-Precision approach begins at…
FAF or FAP ( Final Approach Fix)
Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV) is….
Examples?
Instrument approach using navigational aids that is not required to meet ICAO annex 10 standards but provides course and glidepath deviation information.
Ex. Baro-VNAV, LDA with glidepath, LNAV/VNAV, LPV
Non-Precision Approach is…
Examples?
An instrument approach based on navigational system that provides course deviation, but no glidepath information.
Ex. VOR, NDB, LNAV
*some procedures may give a Vertial Descent Angle as an aid for stabilized approach, but it does not make the approach an APV.
Feeder Routes are an approach segment. T/F?
False. Feeder Routes/Transition are depicted on approach charts but are not part of the approach segments/fixes.
What does a Feeder/Transition Route information (5)
- Provides link between the enroute approach structures
- Not considered an approach segment
- HEADINGS, ALTITUDES, DISTANCES are provided
- Depicted by narrower lines
- Points to the IAF (instrument approach fix)
When cleared via a Transition you can …. (2)
- Fly the remainder of the approach without further authorization
- descend to the applicable altitude once established
All approaches have Feeder/Transition Routes T/F?
False.
Initial Segment
What is it? What procedures are included? Where does it begin? Where does it end? Is there only one IAF? When do they terminate?
What is provided?
A method for aligning your aircraft on the approach course.
Proc.
- DME Arc
- Procedure Turn
- Holding pattern course reversal
- 90 degree turn
Begins at IAF
Ends at intermediate segment
(when you are aligned within 30 degrees of Final approach course)
There are commonly multiple IAFs.
IAFs are all terminated at a common Intermediate Fix
Course, Distances, and altitudes are provided.
Intermediate Segment
What is it?
What is done? (3)
Where does it begin?
Where does it end?
If no Intermediate Fix is depicted when does it begin ? (3)
*May also have descent/stepdowns.
Positions your aircraft for the final descent to the airport.
- reduce speed
- complete before landing checklist
- final chart review
Begins when aligned within 30 degrees of runway.
Ends at the FAF (final approach fix)
If no Intermediate Fix depicted it begins when you are
- inbound to FAF
- properly aligned with Final Approach Course
- within proper distance from FAF
Final Segment
What is it?
Where does it begin? (Precision and Non-Precision)
Where does it end?
What is provided?
Descent to a point where you can land safely if the required visual references are available.
Begins:
Precision - Glide Slope Intercept
Non-Precision - FAF or FAP ( on airport NAVAIDS)
Ends at MAP/ or Landing
COURSE and DISTANCE are provided.
DH/DA (decision height, decision altitude) or MDA depends on numerous factors such as (5)
- Aircraft Speed and Equipement
- NAVAID status
- Airport Lighting
- Type of approach being flown
- Local Terrain
MISSED APPROACH SEGMENT
What is it?
What is provided?
Where does it begin?
Where does it end?
2 definitions for MAP
99% of the the time for non-precision approaches the MAP is _______
A means to safely climb away from obstacles and navigate to a point where another approach can be attempted or continue to another airport.
HEADINGS, COURSE, and ALTITUDES provided.
Begins at MAP
Ends at a holding fix
Definitions:
- Arrival at DA/DH for Precision Approach
- Arrival at designated fix- or specified time period for Non- precision approach.
99% of the the time for non-precision approaches the MAP is _______
What is MVA and what does it provide?
Minimum Vectoring Altitude is lower than IFR MEA (minimum enroute altitude) that provides terrain and obstacle clearance but more importantly is the minimum altitude that ATC can provide vectors.
What is VDP?
Visual Descent Point is a defined point ont he final approach course of a non-precision approach from which normal descent rom MDA to touchdown can be commenced, provided the runway is clearly visible to the pilot.
What is a side step?
What is it used for?
Once visually established and runway in sight, you may be given instruction to side-step to a parallel runway and cleared to land.
Used for spacing and arrivals.
What is contact approach ?
An approach where pilot may deviate from published instrument approach, to proceed via visual reference to teh surface.
What are the three requirepments to operate below DA or MDA? (91.175)
- Aircraft is in continuous sight of runway and can make normal descent.
- Flight visibility is not less than prescribed in Standard Instrument Approach
- Visual references are visible and Identifiable (except CAT1 and CAT3)
What reports must be made to ATC during an IFR flight? (91.183)
Time and Altitude passage of each reporting point or reporting points set by ATC if radar contact is not made.
Any un-forecast weather encountered
Any other information relating to safety of flight
A pilot under IFR must report malfunctions of what systems to ATC? (91.187)
Navigational
Approach
Communication Equipment
What are the different GPS modes encountered during IFR?
Terminal (2nm)
Enroute (1nm)
Approach (.3nm)
What is RAIM and it’s impact on GPS
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring is used to guarantee the accuracy of GPS, provide tri-lateration, altitude, and isolation of corrupt signals during all phases of flight including GPS approaches.
