Institutionalisation and Romanian Orphan Studies

Question 1

Hodges and Tizard aim

Answer 1

investigate effects of early privation of later social and emotional development and test Bowlby’s hypothesis that maternal deprivation in 1st year has permanent LT effects

Question 2

Institutionalisation and Romanian Orphan Studies evaluation

Answer 2

Lizards naturally cause Romanian applications for validity

Question 3

Hodges and Tizard sample

Answer 3

65 children under 4mo
in institution
good physical care and intellectual stimulation
had many carers so couldn’t form an attachment

Question 4

Hodges and Tizard age 4

Answer 4

24 adopted
15 restored
more attention seeking and indiscriminately affectionate than control group, but no signs of AP or low intelligence as Bowlby would predict

Question 5

Hodges and Tizard age 8 and 16

Answer 5

most had formed an attachment with their parents, but adopted more closely attached than restored
all struggled with peer relationships and were more likely quarrelsome or bullies (than control)
more attention-seeking from adults (sign of disinhibited attachment)

Question 6

Hodges and Tizard conclusions

Answer 6

can recover and form attachments if given good quality, loving environment –> challenges B as none of predicted characteristics shown
B maybe overstated severity of effects of MD and underestimated ability of later care to reduce effects

Question 7

Rutter et al. aim

Answer 7

Test to what extent good care could make up for poor early experience in institutions

Question 8

what four aspects were children tested on in Rutter’s investigation?

Answer 8

physical, emotional, cognitive and social

Question 9

what was Rutter’s control group?

Answer 9

52 BRITISH babies adopted in the UK before 4 years

Question 10

disinhibited attachment

Answer 10

a type of attachment characterised by attention seeking, clinginess and indiscriminate social behaviour

Question 11

Rutter et al. findings

Answer 11

there appeared to be a difference in outcome depending related to whether adoption was before or after 6mo
before: rarely showed disinhibited attachment
after: showed signs of disinhibited attachment