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Psychology: Aggression > Institutional aggression in prisons > Flashcards

Institutional aggression in prisons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 explanations of institutional aggression?

A

Situational and dispositional

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2
Q

What is institutional aggression?

A

Aggressive acts within violent institutions like prisons

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3
Q

What is a dispositional explanation?

A

It emphasises the cause of behaviour being a personal characteristic of the individual

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4
Q

Who created the importation model?

A

Irwin and Cressey

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5
Q

What does the importation model suggest?

A

That aggression in prisons is caused by the violent personalities of the prisoners

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6
Q

What is a situational explanation?

A

It emphasises the cause of behaviour being due to the context an individual is in

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7
Q

What are the conditions like in prisons?

A

Unpleasant

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8
Q

Who proposed the deprivation model?

A

Sykes

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9
Q

What does the deprivation model suggest?

A

That institutional aggression is the direct result of situational losses

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10
Q

What four aspects are mentioned in the deprivation model?

A

Security, goods, relationships and autonomy

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11
Q

What three situational factors not mentioned in the deprivation model can also lead to institutional aggression?

A

Noise, temperature and overcrowding

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12
Q

Who provides research support for dispositional explanations of institutional aggression?

A

Mears et al

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13
Q

What did Mears et al test?

A

The theory that inmate behaviour stems from imported characteristics

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14
Q

What type of study did Mears et al conduct?

A

A longitudinal study

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15
Q

Who did Mears et al study?

A

Children from areas with lots of gangs

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16
Q

When Mears et al’s participants reached adulthood, what did they measure?

A

Looked at which ones ended up in prison, and measured their violence levels

17
Q

What did Mears et al find?

A

That the inmates who had joined gangs were more likely to act aggressively and believe in the ‘code of the streets’

18
Q

Who provides contradictory research for dispositional explanations of institutional aggression?

A

DeLisi

19
Q

What exactly does DeLisi’s research contradict?

A

The belief that pre-prison gang membership determines institutional aggression

20
Q

What were DeLisi’s findings?

A

That inmates who were previously in gangs were no more likely to act aggressively in prison than those who weren’t in gangs

21
Q

What is a criticism of DeLisi’s study?

A

The fact that most of the gang members were isolated from other inmates, which reduces the opportunity for violent acts

22
Q

What prison provides a RWA for situational explanations of institutional aggression?

A

HMP Woodhill

23
Q

Who was in charge of HMP Woodhill?

A

David Wilson

24
Q

Before changes were made, what was inmate behaviour like at HMP Woodhill?

A

Frequent riots + violence

25
Q

What changes did David Wilson make to HMP Woodhill?

A

He reduced the noise and temperature levels + reduced overcrowding

26
Q

What did David Wilson’s changes to HMP Woodhill lead to?

A

Virtually no institutional aggression

27
Q

How can the use of HMP Woodhill to support situational explanations of aggression be countered?

A

It was a case study with no control group, so limited generalisability

28
Q

Who provides contradictory research for situational explanations of institutional aggression?

A

Harer and Steffensmeier

29
Q

How many prisons were included in Harer and Steffensmeier’s study?

A

58

30
Q

How many prisoners were included in Harer and Steffensmeier’s study?

A

Over 24000

31
Q

What factors did Harer and Steffensmeier analyse?

A

Situational (e.g. overcrowding and noise levels) and dispositional (e.g. age and criminal history)

32
Q

What did Harer and Steffensmeier find?

A

The only significant variables for predicting institutional aggression were dispositional factors

Psychology: Aggression (10 decks)

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