De-individuation

Question 1

What is de-individuation?

Answer 1

A psychological state where the individual has lowered self-evaluation and decreased concerns of peer judgement

Question 2

What is de-individuation based on?

Answer 2

The classic crowd theory

Question 3

Who proposed the classic crowd theory?

Answer 3

Gustave LeBon

Question 4

When is de-individuation more likely to occur?

Answer 4

When we are in a big group/crowd

Question 5

Which psychologist is associated with de-individuation theory?

Answer 5

Philip Zimbardo

Question 6

What two factors did Zimbardo identify as contributing to de-individuation?

Answer 6

Anonymity and altered state of consciousness

Question 7

What is lost when an individual becomes de-individuated?

Answer 7

Their sense of identity + inhibitions about violence

Question 8

What does the loss of individuality in a group lead to when an individual is de-inidividuated?

Answer 8

A ‘collective mind’

Question 9

What two things does anonymity decrease?

Answer 9

Fear of punishment and judgement

Question 10

What hypothesis did Zimbardo’s de-individuation study lead to?

Answer 10

That anonymity increases aggression

Question 11

Who were the participants in Zimbardo’s de-individuation study?

Answer 11

Groups of 4 female students

Question 12

What were the two conditions of Zimbardo’s de-individuation study?

Answer 12

De-individuated and individuated

Question 13

What were the distinguishing factors of Zimbardo’s de-individuated condition?

Answer 13

Bulky lab coats, faces covered + nameless

Question 14

What were the distinguishing factors of Zimbardo’s individuated condition?

Answer 14

Faces were visible, large name tags + introduced themselves

Question 15

What were Zimbardo’s de-individuation participants asked to do?

Answer 15

Shock another student to ‘aid learning’

Question 16

What were Zimbardo’s de-individuation findings?

Answer 16

De-individuated individuals shocked students for 2x longer than the individuated individuals

Question 17

What are the 4 AO3 points for de-individuation theory?

Answer 17

-Inconclusive support (META ANALYSIS)
-Handball research support
-RWA - Baiting crowd
-Contradictory research - dark room

Question 18

Who conducted a de-individuation study meta-analysis?

Answer 18

Postmes and Spears

Question 19

How many studies were included in Postmes and Spears meta-analysis?

Answer 19

60

Question 20

What did Postmes and Spears find?

Answer 20

That disinhibition of aggression and anti-social behaviour were not more common in large + anonymous groups

Question 21

What did Postmes and Spears suggest de-individuation led to?

Answer 21

Increased responsiveness to situational norms

Question 22

Who conducted the German school handball study?

Answer 22

Rehm et al

Question 23

How many games of handball did Rehm et al observe?

Answer 23

30

Question 24

What were the 2 conditions in Rehm et al’s study?

Answer 24

One team wore the same coloured orange t shirts
The other team wore all different coloured t shirts

Question 25

What were Rehm et al's findings?

Answer 25

That individuals in the more anoymous (orange t-shirt) group were more likely to display aggression

Question 26

Who conducted research into baiting crowds and suicide jumpers?

Answer 26

Mann

Question 27

How many suicide leaps with crowds did Mann analyse?

Answer 27

21

Question 28

Out of the 21 suicide jumps that Mann analysed, how many were verbally baited?

Answer 28

10

Question 29

Why was anonymity of the baiters high in the suicide jumps Mann ananlysed?

Answer 29

They occurred at night

Question 30

In the analysis of 60 lynchings, what was found?

Answer 30

The bigger the crowd, the more savage the murders

Question 31

Who were the participants in Gergen's study?

Answer 31

Groups of 8 strangers

Question 32

Where did Gergen place his particpants?

Answer 32

In a dark room for one hour

Question 33

What were the participants in Gergen's first study told?

Answer 33

That they were allowed to do whatever they wanted + would never meet the strangers again

Question 34

What were the participants in Gergen's second study told?

Answer 34

That they were allowed to do whatever they wanted but they would meet the strangers afterwards

Question 35

What did Gergen find in his first study?

Answer 35

That many of the participants engaged in kissing + touching

Question 36

What did Gergen find in his second study?

Answer 36

That there was a much lower amount of kissing + touching