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Psychology: Aggression > De-individuation > Flashcards

De-individuation Flashcards

1
Q

What is de-individuation?

A

A psychological state where the individual has lowered self-evaluation and decreased concerns of peer judgement

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2
Q

What is de-individuation based on?

A

The classic crowd theory

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3
Q

Who proposed the classic crowd theory?

A

Gustave LeBon

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4
Q

When is de-individuation more likely to occur?

A

When we are in a big group/crowd

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5
Q

Which psychologist is associated with de-individuation theory?

A

Philip Zimbardo

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6
Q

What two factors did Zimbardo identify as contributing to de-individuation?

A

Anonymity and altered state of consciousness

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7
Q

What is lost when an individual becomes de-individuated?

A

Their sense of identity + inhibitions about violence

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8
Q

What does the loss of individuality in a group lead to when an individual is de-inidividuated?

A

A ‘collective mind’

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9
Q

What two things does anonymity decrease?

A

Fear of punishment and judgement

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10
Q

What hypothesis did Zimbardo’s de-individuation study lead to?

A

That anonymity increases aggression

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11
Q

Who were the participants in Zimbardo’s de-individuation study?

A

Groups of 4 female students

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12
Q

What were the two conditions of Zimbardo’s de-individuation study?

A

De-individuated and individuated

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13
Q

What were the distinguishing factors of Zimbardo’s de-individuated condition?

A

Bulky lab coats, faces covered + nameless

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14
Q

What were the distinguishing factors of Zimbardo’s individuated condition?

A

Faces were visible, large name tags + introduced themselves

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15
Q

What were Zimbardo’s de-individuation participants asked to do?

A

Shock another student to ‘aid learning’

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16
Q

What were Zimbardo’s de-individuation findings?

A

De-individuated individuals shocked students for 2x longer than the individuated individuals

17
Q

What are the 4 AO3 points for de-individuation theory?

A

-Inconclusive support (META ANALYSIS)
-Handball research support
-RWA - Baiting crowd
-Contradictory research - dark room

18
Q

Who conducted a de-individuation study meta-analysis?

A

Postmes and Spears

19
Q

How many studies were included in Postmes and Spears meta-analysis?

A

60

20
Q

What did Postmes and Spears find?

A

That disinhibition of aggression and anti-social behaviour were not more common in large + anonymous groups

21
Q

What did Postmes and Spears suggest de-individuation led to?

A

Increased responsiveness to situational norms

22
Q

Who conducted the German school handball study?

A

Rehm et al

23
Q

How many games of handball did Rehm et al observe?

A

30

24
Q

What were the 2 conditions in Rehm et al’s study?

A

One team wore the same coloured orange t shirts
The other team wore all different coloured t shirts

25
Q

What were Rehm et al’s findings?

A

That individuals in the more anoymous (orange t-shirt) group were more likely to display aggression

26
Q

Who conducted research into baiting crowds and suicide jumpers?

A

Mann

27
Q

How many suicide leaps with crowds did Mann analyse?

A

21

28
Q

Out of the 21 suicide jumps that Mann analysed, how many were verbally baited?

A

10

29
Q

Why was anonymity of the baiters high in the suicide jumps Mann ananlysed?

A

They occurred at night

30
Q

In the analysis of 60 lynchings, what was found?

A

The bigger the crowd, the more savage the murders

31
Q

Who were the participants in Gergen’s study?

A

Groups of 8 strangers

32
Q

Where did Gergen place his particpants?

A

In a dark room for one hour

33
Q

What were the participants in Gergen’s first study told?

A

That they were allowed to do whatever they wanted + would never meet the strangers again

34
Q

What were the participants in Gergen’s second study told?

A

That they were allowed to do whatever they wanted but they would meet the strangers afterwards

35
Q

What did Gergen find in his first study?

A

That many of the participants engaged in kissing + touching

36
Q

What did Gergen find in his second study?

A

That there was a much lower amount of kissing + touching

Psychology: Aggression (10 decks)

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