Institutional Agg Flashcards
What r the 2 explanations
Dispositional and situational
Dispositional points
Importation model
Prisoner characteristics
Situational points
Deprivation model
Prison level factors - outcomes
What did Irwin + cressey propose?
Prisoners r not completely insulated from everyday life outside the real world
Prison inmates bring with them a subculture typical of criminality from outside
What does the Dispositional ex mean
Based on inherited temp + also the social environmental of an individual
What characteristics might they bring
Criminal beliefs, norms, attitudes, learning experiences
Thomas and mcmanimom theory
People who prey on others on streets, prey on others in prison
Willingness of inmates to use violence inside prison to settle disputes reflect their lives before imprisoned
So import characteristics and behaviours which influence use of agg to establish power/status/influence
Matt de Lisi et al study
-group of juvenile offenders in Californian institutes
-group 1 - offenders with neg backgrounds/childhood trauma/anger/abuse
These individuals were importing these characteristics into prison
-group 2
Control group of inmates who did not have these negative features
-group 1 more likely to engage in suicidal activity/sexual misconducts and acts of physical agg
Strength - camp + gaes
-Support for importation model
-Camp + gaes studied 561 male inmates with similar criminal histories + predispositions to agg
-Half were randomly placed low security Californian prisons + half randomly placed in high security prisons
-Within 2 years - no significant difference between prisons in number of prisoners involved in agg misconduct (33% + 36%)
Researchers concluded that features of the prison environment r less important predictors -not to do with sit
Limitation of Dispositional - imp ignores key factors
Importation model ignores key factors
John dilulio claims that the importation model ignores other factors that influence prisoners behaviour such as way prisons r run
Instead - proposed an administrative control model - which states poorly managed prisons r more likely to have innate violence
Poor management included weak factors leadership - unofficial rules, staff who remain distant from inmates
Situational is therefore more important - suggesting the importation model is inadequate for explaining agg
Situational — deprivation model
Harsh conditions inmates r subjected to
Skyes says these factors that they’ve been deprived of can lead to agg
Examples of factors inmates r deprived off
Sexual intimacy, free will, technology/social content/goods
Who developed dep model
Clemmer
According to clemmer - harsh prison conditions r stressful for inmates, who have to cope by restoring to agg + often violent behaviour
To reduce agg in prisons - need to reduce negative effects
Prisoners should have more space/open/avoid overcrowding/allow goods/conjugal visits/activities/autonomy
Steiner et al research
Investigated factors predicting agg in 512 us prisons
Inmate on inmate violence was more common in prisons where
1.a higher proportion of of staff were women
2. overcrowding + more inmates were in protective custody
They reliably predicted agg beh in line its dep model
Strength of sit factors
Rs
Cunningham et al analysed 35 inmate homocides in Texas
Prisons between 2000 + 2008, found that perpraters motivations for violent beh was linked to deprivations in model
Arguments over drugs, sexual activity, + personal possessions
These factors r identified by the d model, supporting models validity
